Starting this thesis by visualizing the three main chemical components of the dental composite: resin matrix, fillers, and coupling agents. Then, characterizing the most important tests for evaluating the mechanical properties of dental composites. Each component of the three main components was investigated thoroughly from the scientific literature to understand which one had a higher impact on the mechanical properties of dental composite. Throughout the review, filler content with particle size has demonstrated the biggest impact on the mechanical properties. In addition, there are many types of fillers which improve some properties, but it has some drawbacks. Companies of dental materials worldwide are improving dental composites by focusing on innovation mainly on fillers and resin matrix, coupling agents, and additives. The most important is to understand these innovative changes and once a new dental composite is in the market, dentists can easily identify which parameters are more significant.