Introduction: The article reviews the association between neighbourhood environment and physical activity. The fact that physical inactivity is a major problem in the world today has been established by various studies done over the years. There are many factors to neighbourhood environment e.g. Residential density, access to destination, active transportation etc. these factors or attributes can either have positive, negative or have no association with the regularity or ability of the population to participate in physical activity. Aim: To perform a systematic review of studies and articles to determine and examine the positive and negative associations between neighbourhood (built) environment, physical activity and body weight on the population of Nigeria. Methods: A systematic review of the effect of neighbourhood environment on physical activity was done by conducting a literature search of scientific articles on this topic from 2000-2016. A detailed quality assessment was also done. Results: Residential density, land use mix diversity and traffic safety had significant correlations physical activity. Neighbourhood environmental attributes were not directly associated with BMI. Different attributes of the neighbourhood environment had different levels of association with different types of physical activities. Discussion: The results of this review correlate with other studies and confirm that the neighbourhood environment indeed has a part to play on physical activity and body weight of its occupants/population. In comparison to the studies done in western countries, there are similarities in the effect of neighbourhood environment on physical activity and body weight. However, not all the neighbourhood environmental attributes measured in western studies were measured in Nigeria and this due to the fact that the environmental setup is different.