This dissertation examines the adoption of precision agriculture technologies in developing and developed countries through a comparative analysis of Hungary and Kosovo. The study aims to identify the key socio-economic, financial, technological, and institutional factors influencing adoption decisions. A mixed-methods research design is applied, combining empirical literature review, farmer surveys, and expert interviews. A mediated causal conceptual framework is developed to explain direct and indirect relationships affecting technology adoption. Primary data were collected from Hungarian and Kosovar crop farmers to capture perceptions, experiences, and barriers. The findings reveal that farm size, education, financial capacity, networking, and access to information are decisive factors. Hungary demonstrates advanced adoption supported by infrastructure, training, and policy incentives. In contrast, Kosovo remains at an early stage, constrained by financial limitations and lack of institutional support. Despite these differences, farmers in both countries show positive attitudes toward precision agriculture. The results provide policy-relevant insights for enhancing adoption in small and developing agricultural economies.