Hypertension is elevation of systolic or diastolic pressure or both above 140\90 mm Hg, which can be divided into two main categories: primary (idiopathic) most common and secondary hypertension related to other diseases e.g. renal parenchymal disease, pheochromocytoma and other underlying causes. The pathophysiology is related to many factors including genetic, sympathetic nervous system, renin angiotensin-aldosterone system and vasodilation deficiency. Hypertension can cause various target organ damage mostly left ventricle hypertrophy, acute MI, intracerebral hematoma, aneurysm rupture, renal failure and retinopathy. Treatment of hypertension is divided into pharmacological and non-pharmacological approach. Non-pharmacological which is about diet, exercise and weight loss an altogether life style change. Pharmacological treatment by using diuretics, sympatholytic, vasodilators, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor antagonists and direct renin inhibitors. The combination of pharmacological drugs depends on the individual. The unwanted effects of drugs should be considered in each case.