Prior to the advances in melanoma treatment options, conventional therapeutic modalities including chemotherapy and interleukin-2 remained the mainstay in the treatment of advanced-stage melanoma. They demonstrate low clinical efficacies and minimal durable responses. In recent years, significant breakthrough has been made in the field of melanoma treatment. The discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors has led to a new era in cancer immunotherapy. In addition, with extensive researches in the molecular background of melanoma, the field of targeted therapies also began to prosper. The introduction of innovative agents has greatly improved the clinical outcome of patients with advanced melanoma, with immune checkpoint inhibitors providing a durable long-term remission while targeted therapies delivering faster responses. Moreover, with numerous researches and clinical trials now investigating new therapeutic strategies such as newer combination therapies, cancer vaccines, and nanotechnology, we expect to see more advancements in the treatment modalities for this deadly disease in the upcoming future.