Radiological contrast media are pharmaceuticals commonly used in medical imaging procedures to enhance the visibility of internal body structures. Despite their widespread use, Radiological contrast media can cause adverse reactions that range from mild to severe. In this Thesis , I review the pharmacological aspects of Radiological contrast media, including their chemical composition, pharmacokinetics, and mechanisms of action. I also discuss the various types of adverse reactions associated with Radiological contrast media and their underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. In addition, I review the current strategies for the prevention of Radiological contrast media-induced adverse reactions, including premedication, hydration, and the use of alternative contrast agents. A thorough understanding of the pharmacological aspects of RCM is essential for healthcare providers who use these agents in clinical practice.