Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of death among gynecological malignancies, largely due to its late diagnosis and resistance to conventional therapies. This thesis explores the evolution of pharmacological treatments, focusing on modern strategies that go beyond traditional platinum-based chemotherapy. Targeted therapies, particularly PARP inhibitors and anti-angiogenic agents like bevacizumab, have significantly improved outcomes, especially in genetically predisposed patients. Immunotherapy, though still under investigation, shows promising potential in select subgroups. The integration of novel drug delivery systems and combination regimens aims to enhance efficacy while minimizing toxicity. Despite these advances, challenges remain in overcoming resistance and personalizing treatment, emphasizing the need for continued clinical and translational research.