Most of the time, initial treatment for type II diabetes is lifestyle changes with or without metformin, and the goal is to get HbA1c below 7%, and additional medications can be added on to accomplish that. For individuals with type II diabetes who are not able to get by on these additional medications and for those with type I diabetes, insulin therapy is used. Typically insulin is given as a basal-bolus scheme subcutaneously. That is, one long-acting insulin before bedtime, and three rapid-acting insulins before each meal.