The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the correlations between the Dust Bowl and the Great Depression. More specifically, the following chapters will lead us through the issues which drove the agriculture of the Great Plains to never-seen depths between the two world wars. They will reflect on the errors of the underregulated economy, as a result of which rural Americans were suffering, explain why mechanization was both a blessing and a curse for farmers, and elaborate on the reforms with which Roosevelt and Keynes tried to reconstruct the capitalist economy and agriculture. Finally, two chapters will be dedicated to the “Okies,” who saw no other way out of poverty but to leave the Plains and never return. The Dust Bowl and the Great Depression were caused by the same root problems, which could have been prevented with appropriate policies.