Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of the teeth and is a leading cause of tooth loss worldwide. Conventional treatment may involve surgical procedures, which can result in increased morbidity, discomfort, gingival recession, and higher costs. This thesis focuses on minimally invasive nonsurgical periodontal therapy (MINST), a patient-centered approach that prioritizes tissue preservation, comfort, and biological healing while maintaining clinical effectiveness. It explains the biological basis of periodontal destruction, emphasizing dysbiotic biofilm and host-mediated inflammation, and outlines key techniques such as precise root debridement, adjunctive therapies, and advanced technologies. Overall, MINST aims to achieve effective clinical outcomes with reduced trauma and cost; however, further long-term studies and standardized protocols are needed to confirm its effectiveness and optimize its application.