Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory condition characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic inflammation of the airways. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While nonpharmacological interventions play a crucial role in COPD management, pharmacological therapies are essential for symptom control, prevention of exacerbations, and improving overall quality of life. This review provides an overview of the pharmacological management of COPD, including bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, combination therapies, and emerging treatments. Bronchodilators, such as long-acting β2-agonists and long-acting anticholinergics, are the mainstay of COPD treatment, offering bronchodilation and symptom relief. Inhaled corticosteroids may be considered in patients with frequent exacerbations or eosinophilic inflammation. Combination therapies, combining bronchodilators and corticosteroids, have shown improved efficacy in certain patient populations. Novel treatments, such as phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies targeting specific inflammatory pathways, are being explored to further optimize COPD management. Additionally, smoking cessation, pulmonary rehabilitation, and adherence to prescribed medications are crucial components of comprehensive COPD care. Personalized treatment strategies based on disease severity, phenotype, and patient preferences are increasingly emphasized. Healthcare providers should consider individualizing therapy and regularly assessing treatment response to optimize outcomes in COPD patients. Further research and clinical trials are needed to expand the armamentarium of pharmacological options and improve the long-term outcomes in COPD management.