The topic of my thesis is a discussion about a set of medical conditions which have the potential to arise after exposure to a single or repeated traumatic event. As a consequence of geo-political and economic disturbances worldwide, we now find that these conditions are affecting an increasingly significant number of the population. PTSD and its treatment regimens have specific criteria for both their diagnosis and determining indication respectively, details of which will be discussed in this review. Many other aspects of PTSD; its etiology, its risk factors; assessing to some degree if any are avoidable or modifiable and investigating the fragility of their links with the preferable PTG. The treatment modalities addressed range from the most common therapies used in every day practice to more cutting edge and developmental therapies, both Pharmacotherapy and psychotherapies. A comparison is drawn with PTG; both statistically in terms of incidence, and perhaps arguably more importantly the etiology, focusing on the risk factors that determine the outcome to traumatic exposure.