Removal Possibilites of Sealers

Abstract

This paper examines the potential for the removal of a variety of endodontic sealers during nonsurgical retreatment, a crucial step in the process of ensuring successful canal disinfection and re-obturation. The research analyzes the ease of removal of contemporary sealers, such as zinc oxide-eugenol, epoxy resin, bioceramic, and silicone-based materials, by categorizing them based on their unique chemical compositions and bonding mechanisms. In contrast to conventional materials such as zinc oxide-eugenol, which are relatively simple to retrieve and rely on mechanical retention, contemporary bioceramic and epoxy resin sealers establish robust chemical or mechanical bonds and deep tubule penetration, which significantly complicate its removal. Complete debridement is further impeded by anatomical complexities, including curved canals, isthmuses, and fins, which frequently result in residual coatings that can harbor persistent bacteria. The research assesses a variety of mechanical, chemical, and adjunctive techniques, observing that, although no single method guarantees complete elimination, the efficacy of sealer-specific solvents, such as 10% formic acid for bioceramics or Endosolv R for resins, can be improved. The thesis ultimately finds that the most predictable outcome for attaining maximal sealer reduction and long-term clinical success is a combined chemo-mechanical approach that integrates rotary instrumentation with ultrasonic or sonic irrigation activation.