Through this thesis, various types of large intestine neoplastic diseases were discussed in their pathophysiology, epidemiology, risk and protective factors, clinical presentations, diagnosis, screening and prognosis, and most crucially their’ therapeutic management. Although surgical resection is most recommended for stage I CRC, adjuvant chemotherapy is advised for patients at intermediate and high risk. De Gramont regimen of LV5FU2 is the optimal treatment for intermediate risk patients with microsatellite stability. Stage II high-risk or stage III CRC patients require FOLFOX or CAPOX treatment regimens as the current therapeutic strategy. Also, clinical trials from IDEA revealed that at stage II high-risk CRC patients, non-inferiority DFS of three months of CAPOX treatment to six months was proven. On the other hand, inferiority DFS of three months of FOLFOX treatment compared to six months was revealed. In this term, three months of CAPOX treatment was favored over six months of treatment as it induces reduced side effects of sensory peripheral neuropathy. Therefore, it leaves a vital responsibility of the clinicians to determine the best eligible chemotherapy regimen and its duration to maximize the DFS and minimize the following side effects.
Lastly, novel pharmacological treatments using immunotherapies were discussed.