Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor affecting the pediatric population. Expansion of knowledge on biological profiles over the last decade identified four distinct molecular subgroups, including WNT, SHH, and non-WNT/non-SHH (Group 3 and 4), and triggered substantial changes in evaluation and treatment of medulloblastoma. Molecular information is now an essential part of diagnosis and risk stratification. Current standard of care consists of combinations of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, however, development of treatments specific to each subgroup is an ongoing approach to improve the outcome furthermore. The focus of this thesis is to summarize the modern updates in classification, diagnosis, and treatment of medulloblastoma driven by discoveries of molecular heterogeneity.