Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder predominantly affecting the elderly. Approximately, PD affects up to 1% of the population above the age 60 and up to 4-5% of the population above the age 85. The molecular basis of Parkinson’s disease is the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, which leads to the motor impairment characteristic of the disease. Increasing amount of evidence has demonstrated that inflammation is the fundamental process contributing to neuron death in PD. Although the aetiology of the disease is not known, but genetic and environmental factors play an important role. Numerous genes such as the PINK1 gene, SNCA gene, GBA gene and the LRRK2 gene have been implicated to be associated with the development of PD. Also exposure to environmental factors such as pesticides plays a major role in the development of PD. The aim of the study is to show if those factors (genetic or environmental) that make susceptible the people to develop PD are identified it might be more possible to prevent the development of the disease. To make this study, useful Data from several reliable sources were collected from previous studies by resounding researchers on this topic. Studies that specifically focused on PD, was the bases of the inclusion criteria. Results from the various studies ,showed that mutations in certain genes such as LRRK2 mutations, PINK 1 mutation ,SNCA mutation predisposes certain people to develop PD. Exposure to certain environmental factors such as organophosphate pesticides, organochlorine pesticides is also a risk factor to develop PD. In conclusion, we can ascertain that PD could be as a result of certain combination of factors (genetic and environmental factors) and if these factors are properly controlled, a new perspective to the treatment and prevention of the PD can be achieved.