Periodontal disease is the most common disease in the oral cavity, it is a chronic inflammatory disease, involving interaction between host cells and gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. Without proper treatment periodontal disease shows gradual tooth attachment loss and eventually leads to tooth loss. Mucosal vaccination may offer a powerful addition to the current treatment of periodontal disease, since it is able to provide systemic and mucosal immunity in the oral cavity and produce longer-lasting mucosal immune responses. A successful periodontal vaccine needs a potent antigen, a strong adjuvant, optimal route of administration and an effective formulation or delivery carrier. There are currently no periodontal vaccines available to be used in the clinics, however several successful studies with animal models have tested different antigens from P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum and A. actinomycetemcomitans as suitable vaccine targets.