Sutures are a fundamental component of surgical practice, serving as biomaterials that approximate tissues, stabilize wound margins, control bleeding, and promote healing. Their selection along with appropriate needle type, and suturing technique directly influences tissue response, healing quality, and patient comfort, particularly in oral surgery where unique biological and mechanical challenges exist. This thesis provides a comprehensive overview of suture materials, covering their historical development, modern innovations, and clinical application. Sutures are classified by origin (natural and synthetic), biological behaviour (absorbable and non-resorbable), and structure (monofilament, multifilament, and pseudo monofilament), with each type exhibiting distinct structural, mechanical, biological, and physical properties that influence response and healing.