Thesis on the use of targeted therapy in gastric cancer. Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer globally and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Despite the high incidence, there has been limited molecular focus on this cancer type until recently

Biomarkers and Diagnostic Testing Efforts are being made to individualize treatment through biomarker testing. Liquid biopsies and tests for HER2 overexpression, PD-L1, and MSI or MMR are becoming increasingly important in treatment decisions.

Pathophysiology and Risk Factors The development of gastric cancer is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, including H. pylori infection. Interestingly, there may be distinct risk factors for tumors developing in different regions of the stomach.

Advancements in Treatment: The Role of Targeted Therapy In the treatment landscape, the advent of targeted therapies like trastuzumab and ramucirumab has shown promise in improving overall survival rates. These therapies are especially effective for specific molecular subtypes of the disease and come with fewer side effects compared to traditional chemotherapy.

Clinical Implications and Future Directions While surgery remains the cornerstone of curative treatment, the incorporation of targeted therapies offers a more effective and less toxic treatment approach for specific patient populations. Future research should focus on validating these molecular classifications and expanding the range of targeted therapies available.

Conclusion In summary, as our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of gastric cancer deepens, targeted therapy is emerging as a pivotal player in the management of this devastating disease. Thank you for your attention, and I am open to any questions you may have.