The first section of this review focuses on the pathophysiology

and etiology of PUD and the various factors that affect its development. It also discusses the role of Helicobacter pylori infection in this condition. The second section of the review also focuses on the various pharmacological agents that can be used to treat PUD. Some of these include acid-suppressive drugs, proton pump inhibitors, histamine H2-receptor antagonists, and anticholinergics. One week of triple therapy consisting of a proton pump inhibitor such as Omeprazole and antibiotics (Clarithromycin and Amoxicillin) is also commonly used for treating PUD. The review also goes over the evidence for the efficacy of various treatment regimens as well as the factors that influence treatment outcomes. The third section of the review focuses on preventive strategies, such as H. pylori eradication, the effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use, and lifestyle changes.