Several essays and books deal with the work of John Keats, especially with his later work, whereas in the last fifty years only a few relevant works appeared on his early poetry, especially on his first volume called Poems, including twenty-one sonnets (the exception here is the sonnet “On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer”). My intention is as a matter of these circumstances not to define here if Keats is a romantic or a New Hellenic poet. Both implications are present in his early verse to different extent. Neither do I analyse the beauty and truth controversy, nor do I present the different interpretations to his odes. These all were covered before me in details in several essays, and much more. My primary intention is to present his early Petrarchan sonnets from the Poems, his first volume published, depicting their most relevant characteristics and as background to show the cultural, social and political factors which left undeniable marks on them.