In this literature review I address the basic concepts involved in the development of retinal vein occlusion, the risk factors, clinical course of the disease, diagnostic procedures, and the available management options. Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is one of the most common retinal vascular diseases. It is multifactorial in nature, and this makes the management of this condition a challenge in the clinical practice. The patients can be asymptomatic or have blurred vision more commonly with branch retinal vein occlusion while with central retinal vein occlusion a sudden painless loss of vision is more common. Various clinical trials have been conducted regarding the anti-VEGF treatments and their effectiveness and intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs bevacizumab, ranibizumab and aflibercept prove to be a better option for improving visual acuity, quality of life and the overall management of the disease course.