This thesis explores the emerging role of neoadjuvant therapy in the management of resectable malignant melanoma. Neoadjuvant approaches using immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies - offer potential benefit such as early immune activation, tumor downstaging, and assessment of treatment response before surgery. Current evidence suggest improved survival outcomes and recurrence reduction in selection criteria, and key predictive biomarkers influencing therapeutic efficacy. Special attention is given to the biological rationale, and resistance mechanisms associated with preoperative treatment. Future directions highlight the importance of personalized strategies based on tumor genetics and immune profile optimize neoadjuvant therapy outcomes