Traditional therapies, such as topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, and emollients, have been the mainstay of treatment but pose concerns regarding long-term safety and efficacy. Emerging therapies, such as PDE4 inhibitors, offer alternative approaches with improved understanding of the pathogenesis of AD. Recent advances in targeted treatment, like dupilumab and JAK inhibitors, represent significant progress in managing refractory cases of AD. It shows benefits, yet it is still a difficult approach due to its accessibility and long-term use safety. This thesis highlights the significance of personalized treatment plans by detailing each medication's mechanism and side effects. Effective AD management also involves more than just medication. An approach with moisturizing, avoiding triggers, and providing psychological support is crucial. High costs can limit the availability of biologics and JAK inhibitors; therefore, healthcare systems need to find ways to improve access to all patients.