The primary objective of the thesis is to explore pharmacological and non-pharmacological options for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation is a prevalent cardiac arrhythmia associated with significant morbidity and mortality, requiring a multifaceted management approach. Pharmacological approaches primarily focus on rhythm control and rate control, utilizing antiarrhythmic agents while non-pharmacological treatment includes procedures like catheter ablation, surgical interventions, and device therapy to restore normal heart rhythm. Risk stratification guides treatment choices in atrial fibrillation balancing rhythm versus rate control strategies for optimal outcomes. As data continues to emerge from clinical trials and observational studies, the avenue of AF management will likely undergo further refinement, targeting improved patient outcomes through a combination of both options suited to individual needs.