This thesis provides a comprehensive overview of the pharmacological management of thyroid disorders, focusing on both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. It begins with the physiological and pathological basis of thyroid function, highlighting the role of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and the impact of autoimmune processes, iodine imbalance, and environmental factors.

The core of the work examines current treatment strategies, particularly levothyroxine as the standard therapy for hypothyroidism, alongside alternative approaches such as liothyronine and combination T4/T3 therapy. It also evaluates antithyroid drugs like methimazole and propylthiouracil, including their mechanisms, clinical use, and safety profiles. Additional therapies such as iodide, beta-blockers, glucocorticoids, and radioiodine are discussed.

The thesis further explores emerging treatments and advances in personalised medicine, emphasising the importance of an individualised, evidence-based approach to optimise outcomes and minimise adverse effects in patients with thyroid disease.