Pulmonary Hypertension

Abstract

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is quickly becoming a major cause for mortality with a prevalence of approximately 1% of the global population, with a growing frequency among the elderly. PH encompasses a group of disorders characterized by an elevated blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, leading to right heart dysfunction and eventually, heart failure. While PH can arise from various etiologies, including heart and lung disorders, genetic predispositions, and exposure to certain medications, its management remains challenging due to limited treatment options and progressive nature. Endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) have emerged as pivotal agents in the therapeutic armamentarium against PH. Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of ERAs in alleviating PH symptoms, enhancing exercise tolerance, and slowing disease advancement. Among the ERAs, most extensively studied are Bosentan, Ambrisentan, and Macitentan, which have demonstrated favorable results across various forms of PH, including idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Ongoing research endeavors continue to investigate novel therapeutic targets and treatment regimens, with the ultimate objective of improving outcomes and quality of life for those suffering with PH.