This thesis provides a comprehensive review of the importance of heparin and its derivatives in anticoagulant therapy and their new possible therapeutic uses. It starts with an introduction discussing the structure of heparin, its various types, preparation, and synthesis methods, and its pharmacology. The review then focuses on the different applications of heparin, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral applications. Additionally, the thesis covers the nonglycosaminoglycan-type heparin-analogue trisaccharide. The materials and methods section outlines the experimental procedures used to assess the antithrombotic activity of heparin and its derivatives, including cell lines, culturing, cell viability assays, and statistical analysis. Overall, this thesis is an in-depth exploration of the potential therapeutic uses of heparin and its derivatives beyond their anticoagulant properties.