New advancement of AML

Abstract

AML is a rare malignancies of hematopoietic stem cells. AML is treated by intensive chemotherapy (combination of Ara-C and daunorubicin is the most common choice) as a pre-transplantation. After reaching morphological complete remission, HSCT is done if the patients meet the indication of it. As the post-transplantation therapy, prophylactic corticosteroid, supportive therapy and isolation are important to reduce risks of infection due to weak immunity of patient. New medications such as FLT3 inhibitors, GO, IDH inhibitors, glasdegib or Vyxeos are selected when traditional therapy is ineffective or relapsing after complete remission. Such recent medications increase disease free period and improves prognosis of AML relating to a certain gene mutation, for instance FLT3, IDH 1 and 2. However, they are still far from perfect because of the formation resistance against these medications and many varieties of mutations are associated with AML. Furthermore, side effects of drugs are still serious. Myelosuppression, TLS and febrile neutropenia are life-threatening conditions even prevention and management methods are established. These problems must be overcame in the future with evolution of technology.