Stroke is the second most common cause of death and major cause of disability worldwide. Ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke and caused by acute blockage occurs of arterial blood flow to the brain. One important survival mechanism of the cell is to defense the energy exhaustion and metabolic processes under cerebral ischemia, and it also determines the outcome of acute brain injury caused by ischemic stroke. Enhancing the defense mechanisms against stroke injury is considered as a major target for development of new therapies for stroke prevention and treatment. Such key element can be the Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt), it is the rate limiting enzyme in mammalian NAD+ biosyntheses. Nampt converts nicotinamide into nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), which is subsequently converted to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + , it was reported as a visceral fat-derived adipokine and renamed visfatin.