Diagnostic and Therapeutic Difficulties of Chronic Pancreatitis

Abstract

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a progressive fibro-inflammatory disorder of the pancreas characterized by structural damage, persistent pain, and functional decline. Its complex etiologies and pathophysiology include genetic susceptibility, environmental triggers, and immune factors, with diagnosis often delayed until advanced disease. This thesis provides a comprehensive review of CP, encompassing definitions, etiologies, clinical features, diagnostic approaches, complications, and emerging therapeutic strategies, with emphasis recent advancement in early detection and anti-fibrosis interventions. Advances in understanding CP pathogenesis highlight the roles of trypsin-dependent mechanisms, ductal dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Early diagnosis remains challenging, but imaging and validated biomarkers show promise. Anti-fibrosis therapy targeting pancreatic stellate cell activation is an emerging field, though still in early development. Timely identification of CP is critical for the implementation of targeted therapeutic strategies and the improvement of patient outcomes. In recent years, this imperative has emerged as a central focus within CP research. The investigation of serum biomarkers, particularly interleukin-17 (IL-17), has shown potential in differentiating between various stages of pancreatitis. Such advancements not only offer a novel diagnostic path but also encourage continued clinical and translational research aimed at addressing this uncommon yet debilitating disease.