Hyperlipidemia, particularly elevated LDL-C, is a key modifiable driver of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, making lipid-lowering therapy central to prevention. Statins remain the first-line treatment, backed by strong evidence of LDL-C reduction and decreased cardiovascular morbidity, but many patients either fail to achieve guideline targets or cannot tolerate them. This thesis compares statin monotherapy, statin-plus-non-statin combinations, and non-statin monotherapy, evaluating agents such as ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, bempedoic acid, and inclisiran. Evidence shows that PCSK9 inhibitors and inclisiran achieve the largest LDL-C reductions when added to statins, while ezetimibe and bempedoic acid provide moderate but meaningful benefits, and non-statins alone serve as important alternatives for statin-intolerant patients. The analysis concludes that personalized, risk-based strategies balancing efficacy, safety, cost, and adherence are essential to optimize lipid management and reduce long-term cardiovascular risk.