Acute Management Of Diabetic Ketoacidosis During Childhood

Abstract

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. It is commonly seen in diabetes mellitus type 1 but can also be present in diabetes mellitus type 2. Although diabetic ketoacidosis can be prevented, it is a frequent cause of mortality in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The management of diabetic ketoacidosis in children involves several strategies with the sole aim restoring the perfusion which will subsequently increase the uptake of glucose in the periphery, improve the glomerular filtration and counter the progressive acidosis. The treatment involves administration of insulin therapy, fluid and electrolyte rehydration, respiratory support as well as management of other complications. In addition, there are several complications of diabetic ketoacidosis which include cerebral oedema, pulmonary oedema, cardiac arrhythmias, aspiration of gastric contents, rhabdomyolysis etc.