The gut microbiota, also known as "gut microflora", plays a pivotal role in cardiovascular health, profoundly influencing the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Dysbiosis (imbalance in the gut microbial community), can lead to compromised intestinal barrier, systemic inflammation, and metabolic disturbances, all of which are significant contributors to CVDs. Key metabolites produced by gut bacteria, Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have crucial yet contrasting impacts on cardiovascular risk; TMAO is associated with promoting atherosclerosis, whereas SCFAs are beneficial in reducing inflammation and enhancing gut integrity. Advances in diagnostic technologies and the integration of personalized medicine approaches are opening new pathways for utilizing microbiome profiling in the prevention and treatment of CVDs. Ultimately, targeting human (FMO3 in the liver) or bacterial (CutC choline trimethylamine-lyase) metabolite-producing enzymes, represents a promising frontier for future innovative therapies aimed at improving cardiovascular health. This thesis aims to explore the role of gut microbiota in cardiovascular diseases, shedding light on potential therapeutic interventions to improve cardiovascular outcomes.