Humanist Diplomat in Early 16th Century Hungary: Hieronymus Balbus

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dc.contributor.authorBárány, Attila
dc.date.issued2020-07-10
dc.description.abstractThe article investigates new sources, Western European, mainly English diplomatic reports – several being so far unknown for Hungarian scholarship, or, if known, not examined in this regard – e.g. held at the British Library Manuscript Collection to shed light on Hungarian-Ottoman relations at the eve of the fall of the “shield of Christendom”, Belgrade in 1521. The article follows the mission of Hieronymus Balbus, an Italian at the diplomatic personnel of Jagiellonian Hungary, in 1521 to the Habsburg, Tudor and Valois courts. Balbus’s diplomatic workings – through the embassy to the Emperor (Charles V in Worms and Brussels), a peace conference at Calais and Cardinal Wolsey and Henry VIII, King of England – has not been adequately seen in Hungarian historiography, and some of his letters and political activity ranging from Bruges, Worms, Calais, London and Cologne has not so far been mapped, yet new insights can be given for the understanding of Louis II’s diplomatic efforts during the stress of the siege and loss of Belgrade in 1521. The investigation is largely based on Balbus’s dispatches – which has not survived in Hungarian archival material but were preserved in the reports of English envoys of his activity, to the maker of Tudor policy, Chancellor Wolsey. The correspondence of Balbus provides valuable information on the administration of Louis II, about its relationship with the Turks and the Emperor. The leaders of Hungarian diplomacy did not lack astuteness and “had a clear picture” about the international power relations. The government experimented with alternatives, provided they did not receive any aid from the Habsburgs: they were willing to go as far as making an alliance with not only the English, but even with the Emperor’s enemies, the Valois. In 1521, despite the powerful Habsburg dominance, Hungarian foreign politics did have some room to manoeuvre.en
dc.description.abstractThe article investigates new sources, Western European, mainly English diplomatic reports – several being so far unknown for Hungarian scholarship, or, if known, not examined in this regard – e.g. held at the British Library Manuscript Collection to shed light on Hungarian-Ottoman relations at the eve of the fall of the “shield of Christendom”, Belgrade in 1521. The article follows the mission of Hieronymus Balbus, an Italian at the diplomatic personnel of Jagiellonian Hungary, in 1521 to the Habsburg, Tudor and Valois courts. Balbus’s diplomatic workings – through the embassy to the Emperor (Charles V in Worms and Brussels), a peace conference at Calais and Cardinal Wolsey and Henry VIII, King of England – has not been adequately seen in Hungarian historiography, and some of his letters and political activity ranging from Bruges, Worms, Calais, London and Cologne has not so far been mapped, yet new insights can be given for the understanding of Louis II’s diplomatic efforts during the stress of the siege and loss of Belgrade in 1521. The investigation is largely based on Balbus’s dispatches – which has not survived in Hungarian archival material but were preserved in the reports of English envoys of his activity, to the maker of Tudor policy, Chancellor Wolsey. The correspondence of Balbus provides valuable information on the administration of Louis II, about its relationship with the Turks and the Emperor. The leaders of Hungarian diplomacy did not lack astuteness and “had a clear picture” about the international power relations. The government experimented with alternatives, provided they did not receive any aid from the Habsburgs: they were willing to go as far as making an alliance with not only the English, but even with the Emperor’s enemies, the Valois. In 1521, despite the powerful Habsburg dominance, Hungarian foreign politics did have some room to manoeuvre.hu
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.citationActa Neerlandica, No. 15 (2019): Diplomatenschrijvers – Schrijvende diplomaten , 11-48
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.36392/ACTANEERL/2019/15/2
dc.identifier.eissn3004-1740
dc.identifier.issn1587-8171
dc.identifier.issue15
dc.identifier.jatitleAN
dc.identifier.jtitleActa Neerlandica
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2437/314898en
dc.languageen
dc.relationhttps://ojs.lib.unideb.hu/actaneer/article/view/7867
dc.rights.accessOpen Access
dc.rights.ownerActa Neerlandica
dc.subjectHumanist diplomacyen
dc.subjectHungarian foreign policyen
dc.subjectHieronymus Balbus / Girolamo Balbien
dc.subjectJagielloniansen
dc.subjectLouis II (1516-26), King of Hungaryen
dc.subjectsiege of Belgrade, 1521en
dc.subjectCardinal Thomas Wolsey, Lord Chancellor of Englanden
dc.subjectCharles V Habsburg, Emperor / King of Germany (1519/30-1556)en
dc.subjectHenry VIII, King of England (1509-1547)en
dc.subjectOttomansen
dc.subjectTudorsen
dc.subjectBritish Libraryen
dc.subjectHumanist diplomacyhu
dc.subjectHungarian foreign policyhu
dc.subjectHieronymus Balbus / Girolamo Balbihu
dc.subjectJagiellonianshu
dc.subjectLouis II (1516-26), King of Hungaryhu
dc.subjectsiege of Belgrade, 1521hu
dc.subjectCardinal Thomas Wolsey, Lord Chancellor of Englandhu
dc.subjectCharles V Habsburg, Emperor / King of Germany (1519/30-1556)hu
dc.subjectHenry VIII, King of England (1509-1547)hu
dc.subjectOttomanshu
dc.subjectTudorshu
dc.subjectBritish Libraryhu
dc.titleHumanist Diplomat in Early 16th Century Hungary: Hieronymus Balbusen
dc.typefolyóiratcikkhu
dc.typearticleen
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