Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) poses a significant public health challenge, particularly with the aging population. It manifests in two primary forms: atrophic (dry) AMD and exudative (wet) AMD. Both types are complex conditions with poorly understood underlying mechanisms. Despite extensive research efforts, effective curative or palliative treatments have yet to be developed, leaving patients with limited therapeutic options. For exudative AMD, current treatment options primarily involve anti-VEGF drugs aimed at inhibiting neovascularization. However, these treatments are associated with significant drawbacks, including long-term side effects and invasive administration methods, raising concerns about their overall effectiveness. The success of anti-angiogenic therapy varies among individuals, highlighting the need for a better understanding of AMD's pathological processes and patient responses to different treatment approaches. Efforts are underway worldwide to advance this understanding, with the goal of developing personalized treatment strategies tailored to individual patient needs. Furthermore, the formulation of AMD medications plays a crucial role in treatment efficacy and patient compliance. Recent advancements in drug formulation offer promising avenues for improving treatment outcomes. While significant progress has been made, the development of curative treatments for both forms of AMD remains a challenging endeavor that requires continued dedication and collaborative efforts from researchers and clinicians worldwide.