Digitális Könyvtár
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Debreceni Egyetem Egyetemi és Nemzeti Könyvtár
University and National Library - University of Debrecen
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Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A 18-as év(Felelős kiadó: Boros Ferenc, (1959))Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Csontváry((Budapest), (1980))Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető „Édes melankólia”Bódi, KatalinKármán József ’s Fanni hagyományai (Fanni’s Heritage) is one of the first Hungarian novels at the end of the 18th century which was edited in the periodical Uránia in three parts, composed by journal notes and letters. The novel was rediscovered at the end of the 20th century: the interpretations were concentrating on the modernity of the heroine, on the diversity of the various meanings. Two decades later two papers pointed out the alterity of the text by its typical 18th century topics like sensibility, nature or God-concept. Inspired by these aspects I was trying to describe how the approach of the humoralism and the descriptions of the nature are present in the self-reflection of the heroine, which is overall a modern reinterpretation of many cultural traditions.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Nyelviség, szociologikum és kulturális tradíció Tar Sándor Szilvia című novellájábanFenyő D., GyörgyThe study approaches the short story of Sándor Tar, “Szilvia” with two specific aims. The first is scientific, to identify the linguistic components of the short story and to interpret its language and narration. The analysis is also about how the short story reflects on the literary tradition, especially the tradition of the initiation-stories and the short stories of Ferenc Móra from the beginning of the 20th century. The second aim is educational: to show how a certain literary analysis can be applied in schools.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Az irodalmi szövegértelmezés határos határtalanságárólBényei, PéterThe interpretation of literary texts still hold a pivotal role in the practice of university and secondary literary education, thus in the case of text analysis in educational situation one of the most important responsibilities of the teacher is to improve the interpretative skills of students. My paper undertakes two important tasks in this context. Based upon my experiences with my text analysis seminar course for first-year university students I examine, on the one hand, the fixed patterns with which the amateur interpreter tries to overcome the difficulties of interpretation, which tend to hinder rather than support the dialogue about the text. On the other hand, because it is impossible to create an interpretational formula for all literary works, my most important aim is to introduce how a possible model of interpretation is produced in the process, which can serve as a means for amateur interpreters to overcome the more difficult parts of a dialogue. In both cases I use Zoltán Ambrus’s short story titled “Ninive pusztulása” (“The Demise of Nineveh”) (1892) and its student interpretations from the past decade.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Zártság és teljességD. Tóth, JuditLongus’s influential novel, Daphnis and Chloe, is barely present in Hungarian literary education. This paper sets out to provide a methodological example for the understanding of the novel by applying some basic poetic-narratological aspects and by doing this the distance between ancient culture and today’s reader can be reduced. The interpretation of the novel starts with the most important questions expressed in the prologue (prooimium): the unanimity and difference between the real and the fictional author/narrator; the role of intertextuality; the interconnection of word and image, the novel as ekphrasis; the understanding of the relation between nature (physis) and human creation (technē). Then it continues to explore the characters of the two protagonists, Daphnis and Chloe, the gods who have a role in their love and experiences (Eros, Pan, and Dionysus), the threatening external forces, and the most crucial questions of space, time and bucolic idyll. All these are subordinated to the most significant interpretational possibilities (the novel as the allegory of Love), which provides the opportunity to show the author’s, Longus’s, ironic perspective.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Verstípus és stílustörténet: a magyar tájlíra három változataS. Varga, PálTopographical poetry is the characteristic lyrical text group of 19th century Hungarian literature; its history illustrates the impact of the contemporary style and norms defining the creation and reception of literary works and its changes on the formation of certain types of poems. In the background of the poem titled “Keszthely” and written by Dániel Berzsenyi between 1799 and 1803 we can discover the classicistic natural theory, supported by Descartes’s anthropological dualism, in which the distinction between Nature and Culture is essential; this gives the basis in the poem to identify the picturesque and agriculturally rich area around Lake Balaton with Helicon, the home of the Muses. Sándor Petőfi’s poem, “Az alföld” (“The Great Plain”) (1844) follows the unity theory of romantic anthropology and it uses the expansionist human model of romanticism. The poem presupposes the innate relationship of landscape and Self: the narrator loves his native land, the Great Plain with endless possibilities, because he received his fundamental characteristic from it, the desire for freedom. The poem “Nádas Tavon” (“On a Lake with Reed”) (1888) by János Vajda preserves the romantic relationship between the landscape and the Self but it renounces the interpretation of this relationship and by that it realises the limitations of poetic language.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A Tövisek és virágok kötetkompozíciója és szöveghálójaDebreczeni, AttilaFerenc Kazinczy’s epigram volume titled Tövisek és virágok (Thorns and Flowers) was canonised as the opening event of the debates surrounding the language reform. This paper attempts to discover the original context of the volume by analysing the cycle composition and the comments and textuality surrounding the poems. First, it reviews the circumstances of the birth and publication of the volume, it discovers the defining factors in the canonisation. Then it reviews the compositional principles of the poem cycle, then the understanding of the reference system and the textual connections of the epigrams follows. The volume (1811) is rooted in the debates of the previous decades, based upon these Pöbel, as the main opponent can be identified with that Calvinist cultural background that Kazinczy mostly criticised and which is named as Debreczen.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Leleplezett prosopopeia, megrekedt szinekdochéO. Réti, ZsófiaGyörgy Dragomán’s second novel, The White King, while being extremely popular with literary audiences, also gained considerable critical acclaim. The story of Djata, the young boy who has to grow up without his father in an unnamed Eastern European dictatorship has been translated to thirty languages due to its powerful images and complex, yet easily readable language, which works well with adolescents as well. Using close reading, the present paper focuses on the genre related dilemmas of the novel. The paper uses Paul de Man’s understanding of prosopopeia and the concept of dysfunctional synecdoche to argue that the genres of “father novel”, bildungsroman and dystopia are each other’s logical consequences and as such are intermingled in The White King.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A vigasz három variánsaArató, LászlóMy paper is basically methodological, I use comparative poem analysis strategies to read Mihály Babits’s three poems: “Zsoltár férfihangra” (“Psalm for Male Voice”), “Tremolo” (“Tremolo”), and “Csak posta voltál” (“You Were Just a Letter”). The ostensible clearly the narrator himself, thus all three poems can be understood as lyric addresses. On the other hand, the approaches of the three poems are completely different: the “Psalm for Male Voice’s” is cosmological-anthropological, the “Tremolo’s” is psychological, and the “You Were Just a Letter’s” is personality theoretical-anthropological-ontological. The poems could be interpreted successfully by secondary students as well, since the lyric address poem trio is thematically close to the teenagers experiencing identity crisis: two of the poems (“Psalm for Male Voice” and “Tremolo”) offer opportunities for self-asserting and comfort, the third one (“You Were Just a Letter”) stages the process of self-investigation and it explores the great question of teen age: “Who am I?”.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Egy novella komplex megközelítése: szoros olvasás és kontextusteremtő értelmezésMolnár, Gábor TamásThis article offers an interpretation of the short story “Order of Insects” by the American writer William H. Gass. The interpretation is intended as a methodological demonstration of short story analysis, as it shows a way to develop a close textual analysis from a few guiding questions. The opening question is simultaneously generic and thematic, as readers are encouraged to trace the mental transformation of the narrator-protagonist throughout the text. The central ontological theme of the story is identified in the contrast between a mechanical, insect-like existence and an artistic, intellectually inclined mentality. Images and motifs deepening and complicating this dichotomy are explicated. These include the significance of different sensual impressions (hearing/noises vs. sight/vision) and various implications of the term order. In the conclusion, possible critical-theoretical contexts for interpretation are outlined: a potential feminist and a potential posthumanist reading are contrasted to an interpretation grounded in the author’s own view of literature as “ontologically transformed” language.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Árva Bethlen Kata önreprezentációiFazakas, Gergely TamásThe Transylvanian Countess, Kata Bethlen’s (1700-1759) autobiography was published in her lifetime, whereas the majority of autobiographies in the 17-18th centuries, especially if it was written by a woman, were circulated as manuscripts, and only very few of these were made public in their age, not just in Hungary but in Europe as well. Although Bethlen’s book was only published in small numbers but together with her also published prayer book they were enough to make her well-known among women with similar social standing from the second half of 18th century. Several scholars in the 20th century and the wider reading public appreciated autobiographies for their self-investigative and novel-like characteristics. This paper written from a philological perspective argues that by examining the context of early modern autobiographies the interpretation of these can be more accurate. On the one hand, I explore the meaning of Bethlen’s text being on the borderline of manuscripts and published register. On the other hand, I emphasise that in the early modern era we cannot talk about “writers” in the modern sense of the word, especially in the cases of female authors, because secretaries, scribes and court clergymen helped them prepare, circulate, and publish their texts. (This was also true of Kata Bethlen’s work, her text was emended, edited, proof-read, and published by her former court priest and one of the most important Calvinist scholars in 18th century Transylvania: Peter Bod.) Research calls this “collaborative co-authorship”. Finally, the paper offers an interpretative possibility, which introduces Bethlen’s autobiography as a coherent selfrepresentation of widowhood. According to this the forsaken woman’s individual helplessness and suffering can be allegorically understood as the trials of the whole persecuted community, namely the 18th century Transylvanian reformed church.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Nevelődés, beavatás, meseBaranyai, NorbertThis paper attempts to reinterpret Áron Tamási’s most significant novel, Ábel a rengetegben (Abel in the Forest). The interpretation approaches the text from genre reading, according to which the analysis understands the text’s exemplary meanings based upon the genres of Bildungsroman, tale and initiation story. The paper sets out to demonstrate that the text’s poetic achievement can be best understood as the polyphony of meanings in themes, motifs as well as in linguistics–rhetoric, regardless its understanding as wish fulfilment in tales, or as successful educational process filled with tests, or as the parable of minority fate.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Kortárs novella az irodalomóránKovács, SzilviaIn secondary school literary education contemporary Hungarian literature directly appears at the end of 12th grade. Pixel by Krisztina Tóth can be an exceptionally interesting reading for students with its thematic emphases like social taboos and the proposal of the stereotypes of city life. This paper sets out to introduce the interpretational possibilities that were the outcome of the teaching process. Besides the interpretation of the volume composition based upon contemporary reception, I also propose methodological objectives that, if applied to certain texts, can help teacher trainees use the perspective system of narratopoetics in a reflected way. This paper wishes to explore short story series as interpretational possibility, as well as the understanding of certain excerpts taken out of the text based upon narrative position and logic, metaphoric storytelling, and the plot constructing dynamics of certain motifs.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető gyermekvállalás árnyékára és a teljes termékenységi ráta Magyarországon?Pásztor, SzabolcsThe total fertility rate has been declining sharply in Hungary since the democratic transition. Moreover, the rate has been well below the replacement level since the second half of the 1980’s. It is therefore relevant to investigate the underlying factors behind the permanently low level and continuously declining trend in the rate. In this article, based on Walker (1995), I present the time series of the shadow price of childbearing in Hungary, with which I estimate the total cost incurred by the first-born child, using empirical data. I introduce the connection between the total fertility rate and the increasing mean age at birth. Subsequently, I first compare the tempo and parity-adjusted total fertility rate to the shadow price of childbearing, and then conduct a partial analysis. Based on the results, I recommend measures for public decision-makers that could positively incentivize childbearing Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kódok : J11, J13Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető ipari forradalom, avagy a modern gazdasági növekedés gyökereiről: A „miért éppen Anglia?” helyett a „miért történt meg egyáltalán?” kutatása (Joel Mokyr: A Culture of Growth. The Origins of the Modern Economy. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton UniversityKapás, JuditJoel Mokyr gazdaságtörténész munkássága nem csak saját szakmai közösségében, de a közgazdaságtan más területein kutatók, elsősorban az intézményi közgazdászok között is széles körben ismert. Azonban széles szakmai ismertséggel jellemezni Mokyrt valójában „gyenge” állítás, hiszen kétségtelenül ő ma az egyik legjelentősebb gazdaságtörténeti kutató, egyike azon keveseknek, akik nagyon erős intézményi közgazdaságtani megközelítéssel „nyúlnak” a történelemhez. Kutatásaiban az ipari forradalom Európája áll a középpontban, amely a modern (tartós) gazdasági növekedést 2 hozta el az emberiségnek. Mokyr fél tucatnyi könyvben és nagyon sok cikkben vagy könyvfejezetben fogalmazta meg azokat a kérdéseket, amelyek új gondolkodási utakat nyitottak a modern gazdasági növekedés okainak kutatásában, s természetesen válaszokat is adott ezekre.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A területi tőke kiegyensúlyozott és erőltetett növekedésének regionális tényezőiJóna, GyörgyAdapting the precepts of Kornai’s rushed economic growth theory, this paper compares the harmonic and rushed growth of territorial capital in the Hungarian sub-regions between 2004 and 2010. In the empirical analysis, the article applies the methodology of the concept of territorial capital. The empirical results indicate that the causes of the rushed growth of territorial capital can be found in underdeveloped infrastructural capital and the simultaneous development of socioeconomic inequalities. The effects of the rushed growth of territorial capital could be controlled and eliminated by adequately integrating tools of regional development, economic development and public policy. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kódok : C62, C68, Q01, R58Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető határhatás irodalom áttekintése. Torzítják-e az országhatárok a kereskedelmi kapcsolatokat?Márkus, ÁdámThe aim of this article is to give a comprehensive review of the border effect literature. The author demonstrates through a number of empirical results that state borders still obstruct commodity trade flows between countries significantly, even in the twenty first century’s globalized world market. Countries’ trade patterns show a massive bias toward domestic markets, which can be only partially justified by formal factors such as income differences, distances, tariffs, cultural or linguistic dissimilarities and different currencies. Controlling for all these factors does not abolish the hindering role of borders, which suggests that the preference for domestic partners is excessive. The paper analyses major gravity model specifications and estimation methods in order to shed light on solving the border puzzle. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kódok : F14, F15Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető normák határozott megfogalmazásának problémája a büntetőjogban – A normavilágosság fogalma az Alkotmánybíróság döntéseiben és a bírói gyakorlatbanFicsor, KrisztinaThe principles of legality in criminal law determine numerous requirements both for the legislator creating criminal statutes and for judges as well who decide criminal cases. One of the most important demands of legality is the principle of maximum certainty according to which the state must establish a system of criminal law in which the wording of the statutes are clear, precise and understandable for the citizens; and judges are able to interpret criminal rules without making arbitrary decisions. In the Hungarian legal system the demands of maximum certainty are represented by the principle of nullum crimen sine lege. This principle is called the „clarity of norms” doctrine in the practice of the Constitutional Court of Hungary (HCC) which is entitled to strike down criminal statutes which do not meet its requirements. The aim of this paper is to argue for the claim that the „clarity of norms doctrine” and the concept of certainty in criminal law is based mostly on considerations about the plain meaning of words and texts and lack a coherent theoretical background in the decisions of the HCC and in judicial practice as well. The author offers a more complex and coherent conception of certainty stating that its requirements relate not only to linguistic considerations but also to thinking over the moral and political values of criminal law as well.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Internetes munka a magyar jogban – Tiltás helyett szabályozás?Gyulavári, TamásWorking through digital platforms and apps is a new and rare form of work in Hungary. The spread of digital work is quite new all over the world and also part of the wider trend of precarious forms of work. Hungarian labour law faces serious challenges regarding crowdsourcing and working via apps. The main question is how to insert these new forms of work into the existing labour law framework. These new forms may hardly be considered as employment relationships due to the serious differences. Self-employment cannot be the solution either, since it would leave workers without any employment protection. Therefore, regulation of digital work is unavoidable, even if its details are far from clear for the moment.