On this dissertation, the efficacy, safety, and clinical applications of rhGH therapy were investigated as a treatment of many diseases and conditions. GH plays a crucial part in normal growth, metabolism, and general development. Any abnormality in its function or secretion can lead to many systemic manifestations. This thesis provides a comprehensive overview GH therapy: starting with historical background, explaining the mechanism of action and its various clinical indications for the treatment. In addition, it demonstrates the potential adverse and the possible outcomes of the therapy. The thesis also discusses the specific medical conditions that may require GH therapy, such as GHD in pediatric and adult patients, Prader Willi syndrome, Turner syndrome, chronic kidney disease, and more. It focuses the significance of these conditions, emphasizing the importance of the timely and appropriate intervention of the therapy. Furthermore, this thesis demonstrates the possible adverse effects and risk factors that is associated with GH therapy together with its misuse as enhancing physical performance drug by many athletes up to this day. In addition, it explains briefly about the administration method of the treatment. It might be concluded, that since rhGH introduction in 1985 it’s use have grown significantly, spanning through a whole repertoire of diseases, showing great results with significant improvement in both pediatric and adult patients.