Heart failure is now recognised as a major and escalating public health problem in industrialised countries with ageing populations. Of all the cardiovascular diseases, heart failure is the only diagnosis increasing in both incidence and prevalence. For this reason, there is a critical need for novel targets and treatment strategies. There are four main groups of novel inotropic agents - cardiac myosin activators, Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitors, SERCA2a activators, ryanodine receptor stabilizers – which main role is emphasized in treatment of heart failure. Omecamtiv mecarbil represents an updated therapeutic approach to directly improve cardiac function and is therefore proposed as a potential new treatment of patients with systolic heart failure. Levosimendan, a calcium-sensitizing inotrope and an ATPsensitive potassium–channel opener, has several effects on the body, contributing to the recovering of patients suffering from heart failure.