Studia Litteraria (DE-journals)
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Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Egy novella komplex megközelítése: szoros olvasás és kontextusteremtő értelmezésMolnár, Gábor TamásThis article offers an interpretation of the short story “Order of Insects” by the American writer William H. Gass. The interpretation is intended as a methodological demonstration of short story analysis, as it shows a way to develop a close textual analysis from a few guiding questions. The opening question is simultaneously generic and thematic, as readers are encouraged to trace the mental transformation of the narrator-protagonist throughout the text. The central ontological theme of the story is identified in the contrast between a mechanical, insect-like existence and an artistic, intellectually inclined mentality. Images and motifs deepening and complicating this dichotomy are explicated. These include the significance of different sensual impressions (hearing/noises vs. sight/vision) and various implications of the term order. In the conclusion, possible critical-theoretical contexts for interpretation are outlined: a potential feminist and a potential posthumanist reading are contrasted to an interpretation grounded in the author’s own view of literature as “ontologically transformed” language.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Az irodalmi szövegértelmezés határos határtalanságárólBényei, PéterThe interpretation of literary texts still hold a pivotal role in the practice of university and secondary literary education, thus in the case of text analysis in educational situation one of the most important responsibilities of the teacher is to improve the interpretative skills of students. My paper undertakes two important tasks in this context. Based upon my experiences with my text analysis seminar course for first-year university students I examine, on the one hand, the fixed patterns with which the amateur interpreter tries to overcome the difficulties of interpretation, which tend to hinder rather than support the dialogue about the text. On the other hand, because it is impossible to create an interpretational formula for all literary works, my most important aim is to introduce how a possible model of interpretation is produced in the process, which can serve as a means for amateur interpreters to overcome the more difficult parts of a dialogue. In both cases I use Zoltán Ambrus’s short story titled “Ninive pusztulása” (“The Demise of Nineveh”) (1892) and its student interpretations from the past decade.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Kortárs novella az irodalomóránKovács, SzilviaIn secondary school literary education contemporary Hungarian literature directly appears at the end of 12th grade. Pixel by Krisztina Tóth can be an exceptionally interesting reading for students with its thematic emphases like social taboos and the proposal of the stereotypes of city life. This paper sets out to introduce the interpretational possibilities that were the outcome of the teaching process. Besides the interpretation of the volume composition based upon contemporary reception, I also propose methodological objectives that, if applied to certain texts, can help teacher trainees use the perspective system of narratopoetics in a reflected way. This paper wishes to explore short story series as interpretational possibility, as well as the understanding of certain excerpts taken out of the text based upon narrative position and logic, metaphoric storytelling, and the plot constructing dynamics of certain motifs.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Nyelviség, szociologikum és kulturális tradíció Tar Sándor Szilvia című novellájábanFenyő D., GyörgyThe study approaches the short story of Sándor Tar, “Szilvia” with two specific aims. The first is scientific, to identify the linguistic components of the short story and to interpret its language and narration. The analysis is also about how the short story reflects on the literary tradition, especially the tradition of the initiation-stories and the short stories of Ferenc Móra from the beginning of the 20th century. The second aim is educational: to show how a certain literary analysis can be applied in schools.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Árva Bethlen Kata önreprezentációiFazakas, Gergely TamásThe Transylvanian Countess, Kata Bethlen’s (1700-1759) autobiography was published in her lifetime, whereas the majority of autobiographies in the 17-18th centuries, especially if it was written by a woman, were circulated as manuscripts, and only very few of these were made public in their age, not just in Hungary but in Europe as well. Although Bethlen’s book was only published in small numbers but together with her also published prayer book they were enough to make her well-known among women with similar social standing from the second half of 18th century. Several scholars in the 20th century and the wider reading public appreciated autobiographies for their self-investigative and novel-like characteristics. This paper written from a philological perspective argues that by examining the context of early modern autobiographies the interpretation of these can be more accurate. On the one hand, I explore the meaning of Bethlen’s text being on the borderline of manuscripts and published register. On the other hand, I emphasise that in the early modern era we cannot talk about “writers” in the modern sense of the word, especially in the cases of female authors, because secretaries, scribes and court clergymen helped them prepare, circulate, and publish their texts. (This was also true of Kata Bethlen’s work, her text was emended, edited, proof-read, and published by her former court priest and one of the most important Calvinist scholars in 18th century Transylvania: Peter Bod.) Research calls this “collaborative co-authorship”. Finally, the paper offers an interpretative possibility, which introduces Bethlen’s autobiography as a coherent selfrepresentation of widowhood. According to this the forsaken woman’s individual helplessness and suffering can be allegorically understood as the trials of the whole persecuted community, namely the 18th century Transylvanian reformed church.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Verstípus és stílustörténet: a magyar tájlíra három változataS. Varga, PálTopographical poetry is the characteristic lyrical text group of 19th century Hungarian literature; its history illustrates the impact of the contemporary style and norms defining the creation and reception of literary works and its changes on the formation of certain types of poems. In the background of the poem titled “Keszthely” and written by Dániel Berzsenyi between 1799 and 1803 we can discover the classicistic natural theory, supported by Descartes’s anthropological dualism, in which the distinction between Nature and Culture is essential; this gives the basis in the poem to identify the picturesque and agriculturally rich area around Lake Balaton with Helicon, the home of the Muses. Sándor Petőfi’s poem, “Az alföld” (“The Great Plain”) (1844) follows the unity theory of romantic anthropology and it uses the expansionist human model of romanticism. The poem presupposes the innate relationship of landscape and Self: the narrator loves his native land, the Great Plain with endless possibilities, because he received his fundamental characteristic from it, the desire for freedom. The poem “Nádas Tavon” (“On a Lake with Reed”) (1888) by János Vajda preserves the romantic relationship between the landscape and the Self but it renounces the interpretation of this relationship and by that it realises the limitations of poetic language.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Zártság és teljességD. Tóth, JuditLongus’s influential novel, Daphnis and Chloe, is barely present in Hungarian literary education. This paper sets out to provide a methodological example for the understanding of the novel by applying some basic poetic-narratological aspects and by doing this the distance between ancient culture and today’s reader can be reduced. The interpretation of the novel starts with the most important questions expressed in the prologue (prooimium): the unanimity and difference between the real and the fictional author/narrator; the role of intertextuality; the interconnection of word and image, the novel as ekphrasis; the understanding of the relation between nature (physis) and human creation (technē). Then it continues to explore the characters of the two protagonists, Daphnis and Chloe, the gods who have a role in their love and experiences (Eros, Pan, and Dionysus), the threatening external forces, and the most crucial questions of space, time and bucolic idyll. All these are subordinated to the most significant interpretational possibilities (the novel as the allegory of Love), which provides the opportunity to show the author’s, Longus’s, ironic perspective.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A vigasz három variánsaArató, LászlóMy paper is basically methodological, I use comparative poem analysis strategies to read Mihály Babits’s three poems: “Zsoltár férfihangra” (“Psalm for Male Voice”), “Tremolo” (“Tremolo”), and “Csak posta voltál” (“You Were Just a Letter”). The ostensible clearly the narrator himself, thus all three poems can be understood as lyric addresses. On the other hand, the approaches of the three poems are completely different: the “Psalm for Male Voice’s” is cosmological-anthropological, the “Tremolo’s” is psychological, and the “You Were Just a Letter’s” is personality theoretical-anthropological-ontological. The poems could be interpreted successfully by secondary students as well, since the lyric address poem trio is thematically close to the teenagers experiencing identity crisis: two of the poems (“Psalm for Male Voice” and “Tremolo”) offer opportunities for self-asserting and comfort, the third one (“You Were Just a Letter”) stages the process of self-investigation and it explores the great question of teen age: “Who am I?”.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Leleplezett prosopopeia, megrekedt szinekdochéO. Réti, ZsófiaGyörgy Dragomán’s second novel, The White King, while being extremely popular with literary audiences, also gained considerable critical acclaim. The story of Djata, the young boy who has to grow up without his father in an unnamed Eastern European dictatorship has been translated to thirty languages due to its powerful images and complex, yet easily readable language, which works well with adolescents as well. Using close reading, the present paper focuses on the genre related dilemmas of the novel. The paper uses Paul de Man’s understanding of prosopopeia and the concept of dysfunctional synecdoche to argue that the genres of “father novel”, bildungsroman and dystopia are each other’s logical consequences and as such are intermingled in The White King.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A Tövisek és virágok kötetkompozíciója és szöveghálójaDebreczeni, AttilaFerenc Kazinczy’s epigram volume titled Tövisek és virágok (Thorns and Flowers) was canonised as the opening event of the debates surrounding the language reform. This paper attempts to discover the original context of the volume by analysing the cycle composition and the comments and textuality surrounding the poems. First, it reviews the circumstances of the birth and publication of the volume, it discovers the defining factors in the canonisation. Then it reviews the compositional principles of the poem cycle, then the understanding of the reference system and the textual connections of the epigrams follows. The volume (1811) is rooted in the debates of the previous decades, based upon these Pöbel, as the main opponent can be identified with that Calvinist cultural background that Kazinczy mostly criticised and which is named as Debreczen.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető „Édes melankólia”Bódi, KatalinKármán József ’s Fanni hagyományai (Fanni’s Heritage) is one of the first Hungarian novels at the end of the 18th century which was edited in the periodical Uránia in three parts, composed by journal notes and letters. The novel was rediscovered at the end of the 20th century: the interpretations were concentrating on the modernity of the heroine, on the diversity of the various meanings. Two decades later two papers pointed out the alterity of the text by its typical 18th century topics like sensibility, nature or God-concept. Inspired by these aspects I was trying to describe how the approach of the humoralism and the descriptions of the nature are present in the self-reflection of the heroine, which is overall a modern reinterpretation of many cultural traditions.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Nevelődés, beavatás, meseBaranyai, NorbertThis paper attempts to reinterpret Áron Tamási’s most significant novel, Ábel a rengetegben (Abel in the Forest). The interpretation approaches the text from genre reading, according to which the analysis understands the text’s exemplary meanings based upon the genres of Bildungsroman, tale and initiation story. The paper sets out to demonstrate that the text’s poetic achievement can be best understood as the polyphony of meanings in themes, motifs as well as in linguistics–rhetoric, regardless its understanding as wish fulfilment in tales, or as successful educational process filled with tests, or as the parable of minority fate.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Köszöntő sorok(2011-01-01) , A SzerkesztőbizottságA Studia Litteraria a Debreceni Egyetem Magyar Irodalom- és Kultúratudományi Intézetének gondozásában jelenik meg immár közel fél évszázada. A hazai irodalomtudomány mértékadó fóruma 1963-ban létesült, s máig tartó folyamatos szellemi jelenlétét olyan elhivatott elődök szerkesztő munkájának köszönheti, mint Bán Imre, Barta János, Tamás Attila, Bitskey István és Imre László. A periodika elsődleges feladatának az egyes tanszékek kutatási eredményeinek rendszeres bemutatását tekintette, ugyanakkor számított a bölcsészkaron működő modern filológiai műhelyek, s más intézetek, valamint az országos kutatóműhelyek közreműködésére is. A Studia Litteraria az elmúlt időszakban évkönyv formájában jelent meg: az intézet tanszékei vetésforgószerűen kaptak lehetőséget az egyes számok összeállítására, jobbára egy-egy irodalomtörténeti korszak köré építve a tanulmányokat. Az évkönyv a humboldti egyetem szellemi igényeinek megfelelően betöltötte hivatását. Az egyetemen folyó oktatást a bevezetett bolognai rendszer gyökeresen átalakította, s a kutatás szervezeti keretei is alapvetően megváltoztak az intézeti tanszékek megszűnésével. Mindezek a változások, s a humán tudományok szemléletében végbement kultúratudományi fordulat a lap szerepének újragondolására késztette az intézet tudományos közösségét. 2011-től a Studia Litteraria arculata megváltozik: az évkönyv folyóirattá alakul, amely évente két duplaszámmal jelentkezik. A folyóirat a továbbiakban főszerkesztővel és állandó szerkesztőbizottsággal működik, s elektronikus kiadványként is megjelenik, amely nyílt hozzáféréssel elérhető az interneten. A külsejében is megújult Studia Litteraria az irodalom- és kultúratudományok időszerű kérdéseit szem előtt tartva szorosabb értelemben vett tematikus számok közlésére vállalkozik: első duplaszámunk a Testinterpretációk, amelyet az év második felében A trauma alakzatai követ. Az alkotógárda gerincét továbbra is intézetünk munkatársai adják majd, ám a rugalmasabb megjelenésnek és a kiterjedtebb szerkesztői folyamatnak köszönhetően más kutatóműhelyek képviselőit is szívesen látjuk szerzőink között.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A test és az érzékek Alexandre Hardy két drámaszövegében(2011-01-01) Liktor, EszterL’oeuvre dramatique d’Alexandre Hardy ne se distingue pas seulement par son rôle (esthétiquement et chronologiquement évident) de »pont« entre le théâtre de la renaissance et celui du classicisme. Elle se distingue en affichant un intérêt particulier à tout ce qui relève directement du corps en tant que problématique ou en tant que motivation. En me concentrant sur deux textes dramatiques de Hardy (notamment, Scédase ou l’hospitalité violée et La force du sang) qui ont pour sujet des viols et des meurtres, j’examine le corps en tant que foyer de diverses tendances textuelles qui mènent toutes vers une incarnation scénique peu commune. Je procède par un inventaire minutieux des lieux textuels d’où le corps tirait une importance quelconque. J’essaie de »lire« en n’ajoutant au texte rien qui se trouverait »au-delà« de lui, tout en considérant quand même sa dimension scénique, en examinant par exemple les didascalies relatives au corps. L’intérêt principal de ce travail est de mettre en valeur le corps en tant que clef véritable pour la compréhension de la »malséance« de ce théâtre. Hardy s’intéresse à la façon dont la passion (d’amour ou de pouvoir) provoque des changements intra- et interpersonnels. Cependant, il n’a pas l’intention de formuler un jugement moral explicite sur les actes même criminels engendrés par cette passion. Ce manque de l’intention didactique rend le corps proie au désir, et ce désir anime l’écriture dramatique de Hardy. Le corps se construit par et en dedans du texte, selon une idéologie de »subir«, d’être »porteur de traces«, comme une masse, un support matériel passif. Il revendique une incarnation radicalement »réelle« (des femmes effectivement violées sur scène). Si réelle qu’elle se fait bannie de la scène classiciste au nom de la bienséance.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A lét és a semmi határán – Mrs. Ramsay test-terei(2011-01-01) Moise, GabriellaThe structural plasticity of Virginia Woolf ’s To the Lighthouse defines the figure of Mrs. Ramsay, one of the central characters of the novel, as a spatio-corporeal entity. She occupies a transitory space in the texture of the novel, frequently being associated with the window, a trope of mediation and liminality itself. The ambiguity of her status rests in her incessant inclination to unite the family members and guests and to create stability and order while she herself withdraws into her “wedge-shaped core of darkness” remaining inaccessible and invisible for others. Mrs. Ramsay’s bodily presence appears analogous with a whole series of literal and imaginary architectural constituents and architectonic forms (windows, stairs, the drawing room steps, the lighthouse, the dome shaped hive, the tombs of kings, a cathedral-like space) primarily, through her identification with the Ramsays’ summer cottage, with the interiority of its domestic milieu. This, however, is expanded by her subsequent identification with the Lighthouse, a minimalist, emphatically vertical and guiding architectural design of the novel. Thus, Mrs. Ramsay emerges as an existential referential point in Sartre’s term. For Sartre,—as he argues in his Being and Nothingness— the upsurge of the self rests on the demarcation of an existential distance from the things of the world and the surpassing of one’s own body as yet another necessary obstacle. Mrs. Ramsay, as the basis of the spatio-corporeal existence, serves as space proper for the others: simultaneously, offering the potential for spatial embeddedness, as well as the delineation of corporeal distances within the network of things and bodies.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A test ontológiája a halálban(2011-01-01) D. Tóth, JuditThe contemplation on death in respect to the redeeming crucifixion of Christ in the thinking of the first Christian Church Fathers, the most prominent persons of their age, was basically determined by the Biblical teaching concerning the resurrection of the body, with the promise of eternal corporal life for Christians. For those educated on Platonic writings the latter teaching was sheer stupidity. Even Paul the Apostle was ridiculed for it on his mission to Athens. The Church Fathers, educated in the paideia, the educational system of the Roman Empire, could not neglect the questions about death that had cropped up in the philosophical and cultural tradition. They had to investigate these questions in the junction of theological, anthropological, philosophical (ontological) and partly aesthetical problems. In my study I try to investigate what questions are raised and how they are raised in the centre of thinking of Saint Gregory of Nyssa, who investigated death and the dead body in the context of resurrection. Living in the tension generated between everyday, ephemeral experience (the physical decay of the dead body) and belief-hope (resurrection in the body), Gregory tries to answer the questions of identity (what is the aim of resurrection, if it is not me who is resurrected) by integrating the tradition of Neoplatonic philosophy (especially the concept of eidos) into Christian theology. My study, putting aside the discursive frame of Gregory’s works, tries to give a summary on the ontology of the dead and the resurrected body in the theology and anthropology of the Cappadocian Father.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Elektronikus környezetbe vetett testünk(2011-01-01) Áfra, JánosHumankind, differentiated from nature, has always strived to extend the body and to overcome spatial boundaries. These civilizational attempts have been achieved by means of technological inventions and developments recently. The continuous technological development could, however, qualify only partially as an energyeffective means for establishing experimental spaces. The instinctive “colonization process” has been able to unfold in electronic environments. The bodily fixation and the narrow scope of attention are qualities of Internet use which cannot create the experience of full-body immersion. In contrast, Virtual Reality (VR) attempts to create a sense of full audiovisual-haptic experience in the recipient by aspiring for interactivity. However, this field does not correlate with global networks which would minimize spatial constraints and which, speaking about the Internet, are the essential sources of popularity and dynamism. Certainly, it is just a matter of time before developers attempt to integrate these currently disconnected virtual environments in a giant Internet-like fashion. What is even more likely is that sensational qualities and features of virtual reality will be assigned to the organism of the Internet. In the case of virtual reality the fixation of view was replaced by the fixation of environment, a concept that will be abandoned and followed by a constantly changing, dynamic system after the setting up of a network virtual reality.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Fekvő testek a késő reneszánszban(2011-01-01) Bódi, KatalinLes peintures qui thématisent la lamentation de Jésus-Christ représentent généralement une scène intime dans laquelle la tristesse, la consolation et l’espoir prédominent pour renforcer la foi des croyants. Cependant sur la peinture de Baramantino la présentation du corps de Christ est tellement sans pudeur et intensive que l’importance de l’acte biblique est minimalisé au bénéfice de la beauté du corps dénudé. La figure de Christ évoque avant tout les traditions des nus antiques en se référant également aux nues de la peinture vénétienne, notamment aux Vénus couchées de Giorgione et de Titian. Ainsi la peinture de Bramantino exprime l’idée du corps idéal qui unifie et montre paradoxalement en même temps la beauté asexuelle du corps humaine et la sexualité féminine par les allusions au désir. Cette complexité des références expose également le mélange des différentes traditions dans la culture européenne, celle de l’antiquité et celle du christianisme.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A felsebzett szubjektum(2011-01-01) Kalmár, GyörgyThe article analyses David Cronenberg’s Crash (1996) from a complex theoretical perspective. My starting point is the idea that human subjectivity is open, never finished, in process, something that is always negotiated through a number of signifying practices, such as language, images, and film; therefore different signifying economies produce different kinds of subjectivities. In this article I investigate the ways Crash rewrites some of the fundamental characteristics of humanistic systems of meaning to produce different subjects. I argue that the film produces a post-human world in which meaning is different, the use of the body is different, the forms of subjectivity are different, just like their relation to what Lacan calls the ‘paternal metaphor.’ I think that Crash owes its radicalism (as well as its scandalous reputation) to this displacement of the humanist subject, and it is precisely this displacement that I attempt to investigate. The main focus points of my analysis are the following: the relationship between the body, its image, and subjectivity; non-normative practices of sexuality; violence; repetition; abjection; the relationship between technology and the human body; and the disintegration of the Oedipal subject.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A csak reménytelenül szenvedni tudó test Ionesco drámáiban(2011-01-01) Lukovszki, JuditDans le Nouveau Théâtre et notamment dans les pièces d’Ionesco, nous voyons défiler les semblants d’êtres humains qui, en pleine préoccupation métaphysique endurent des souffrances corporelles de diverses sortes. Tout en cherchant les motifs de ce fait, nous nous proposons d’analyser plusieurs textes d’Ionesco où l’organe de la parole; de la nutrition et d’autres plaisirs oraux: la bouche, aurait un rôle particulier et demanderait un effort d’interprétation accentué.