Állattenyésztési Tudományok DI

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Megjelenítve 1 - 20 (Összesen 72)

Korlátozottan hozzáférhető
2018, a vetésfehérítők éve
Keszthelyi, Sándor; egyetemi oktató, kutató
Korlátozottan hozzáférhető
Aggressiveness, Mating Behaviour and Lifespan of Group Housed Rabbit Does
Gerencsér, Zsolt; Matics, Zsolt; T. Szabó, Rubina; Kustos, Károly; Mikó, Annamária; Nagy, István; Odermatt, Meinrad; Atkári, Tamás; Szendrő, Zsolt; egyetemi oktató, kutató
Aggressiveness is one of the main problems in group housing of rabbit does. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the frequency of aggressiveness and mating behaviour as well as the lifespan of does depending on group composition. The female and male rabbits were housed in one of the 7.7 m2 pens (four females and one male per pen). Based on the ages of female rabbits two homogenous groups (HOM) were formed containing four 17-week-old females and two heterogeneous groups (HET) containing three 17-week-old and one 1-year-old female. Twenty-four-hour video recordings were taken during the ﬁrst month after assembling the groups, and the aggressive actions (ﬁghts) and matings were counted. The lifespan was examined over a 200-day experimental period. On the day after assembling the groups the number of ﬁghts among does was high in HET group. The same aggressive behaviour only started a week later in HOM group, and some ﬁghts between females and the male were also observed. The daily peaks of aggressiveness were in the morning (after the light on) and in the evening (before and after the lights oﬀ). The primary position of females in the hierarchy was clear but sometimes no diﬀerences were detected among the subordinate females. The mortality of does was connected with their rank order. The number of matings was very high on the day of assembling the groups and a second small peak was observed at the end of the hypothetical pseudo-pregnancy. In addition to mating between male and females, female–female and female–male mounting was also observed. Despite of the small sample size it seems that aggressive behaviour is frequent in group housing systems, which is contrary to animal welfare. Natural mating is not eﬀective in group-housing system
Korlátozottan hozzáférhető
Anyanyulak elhullása és selejtezése
Szendrő, Zsolt; Barna, Judit; egyetemi oktató, kutató
Szabadon hozzáférhető
Assessment of short-term mortality of granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) triggered by different microwave irradiation powers
Keszthelyi, Sándor; Nyári, András; Pál-Fám, Ferenc; egyetemi oktató, kutató
Korlátozottan hozzáférhető
A brojlercsirke takarmánykeverékek valinkiegészítésének tapasztalatai
Tossenberger, János; Tóth, Tamás; Gyurcsó, Gábor; egyetemi oktató, kutató
Korlátozottan hozzáférhető
Calculating the theoretical expansion of European corn borer ecotypes in Europe and North-America using biological constants and abiotic conditions
Keszthelyi, Sándor; Somfalvi-Tóth, Katalin; egyetemi oktató, kutató
The expansion of Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) was mapped with the help of its biological constants and climatological data based on a 55.8×55.8 km grid of ECMWF ERA-Interim dataset in Europe and North America in order to determine the tendency of the expansion of the ecotypes between 2003-2018. In the quest of visual mapping of voltinism of O. nubilalis, the yearly generation number was calculated at different points using the threshold temperature for the development and the accumulated degree-days. The examination highlighted that the northern limit of expansion of O. nubilalis can be attributed to latitude 58ºN in Europe. Besides, equally uni-, bi- and multivoltine ecotypes of the species were stably represented in Europe in the period under investigation, from which univoltine is the most widely distributed. Recent global warming and incidence of climate change favoured the appearance of the four generations of the multivoltine ecotype in southernmost parts of the Mediterranean Coast since 2014. O. nubilalis has stably developed four different ecotypes in North America during the period of 2003-2018. The most northern limit of development of this pest lies along latitude 50ºN, approximately in the middle of Saskatchewan (Canada ). Middle parts of the USA, including the Corn Belt states, were occupied by the bivoltine ecotype of O. nubilalis. The ecotype changing triggered by climatic fluctuation is mostly specific for the southern and middle areas of the USA, which can be explained by north-south relief exposure in North America. In summary, the northward expansion of the more generations of ecotypes of this serious pest may clearly cause increasing damage in maize-growing areas globally
Korlátozottan hozzáférhető
Challenges and adaptive strategies in pig breeding from the aspect of heat stress and heat tolerance
Nagy, István; Kövér, György; Gerencsér, Zsolt; Szász, Gabriella; egyetemi oktató, kutató
Authors summarized the results of the last three decades’ relevant literature examining the temperature effects on the various growth, reproductive and carcass traits in pigs. The ideal period of temperature measurement and the different methodologies characterizing temperature effects were summarized. The aspects of genotype environment interaction for the measured traits under hot and temperate conditions were also presented. Finally the possibilities of direct genetic selection for heat tolerance and its possible selection criteria traits were also discussed.
Szabadon hozzáférhető
Comparison of pens without and with multilevel platforms for growing rabbits
Matics, Zsolt; Farkas, Tamás Péter; Dal Bosco, Alessandro; Szendrő, Zsolt; Filiou, Eirini; Nagy, István; Odermatt, Meinrad; Paci, Gisella; Gerencsér, Zsolt; PhD hallgató; egyetemi oktató, kutató
This experiment compared the productive performance and location of growing rabbits in pens without and with two-level platforms (wire-mesh or plastic-mesh). A total of 174 rabbits of both sexes weaned at 5 weeks of age were randomly divided into three groups (n ¼ 58 rabbits/group, 2 pens/treatment, 29 rabbits/pen). The floor area of pens was 1.0 1.83 m, and the floor was made of wire-mesh. Two pens were equipped with wire-mesh (WP) and two pens with plastic- mesh elevated platforms (PP) on two levels, and two pens were without platforms (NoP). Treatment had no effect on the productive performance of growing rabbits. Based on video recordings, animal density (rabbits/m2 in each location) was higher (p < .001) on the floor than on the platforms (in WP: 12.0 vs. 5.2, in PP: 10.2 vs. 7.4 rabbits/m2, respectively). Animal density on the floor was higher (p < .001) in front of the platforms than under the platforms (in WP 15.7 vs. 9.8 rabbits/m2 and in PP 13.3 vs. 8.3 rabbits/m2, respectively). The animal density on plat- forms was 1.4 times higher in group of PP than in WP (p < .001). The animal density was 1.6 and 2.9 times higher on the second floor than on the first one (p < .001), in group of PP and WP, respectively. The concentration of cortisol metabolites in faeces and the ratio of injured rabbits were similar in the three groups. The rabbits showed higher preference staying on the floor compared to the platform. Pens with platforms were not influencing productive performance.
Szabadon hozzáférhető
Computer tomography-assisted visualization of the movement triggered by frost in Ostrinia nubilalis overwintering in maize stalks
Keszthelyi, Sándor; Binder, Antal; Csóka, Ádám; Pónya, Zsolt; Donkó, Tamás; PhD hallgató; egyetemi oktató, kutató
The damage of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), causes is mainly determined by the success of its overwin-tering. The aim of our study was to assess the consequences of the artificial cooling on the movement and survival ability of overwintering larvae of O. nubilalis by using computer-assisted tomography. The in situ movement of the examined larvae in icy media of different thickness (5, 15, and 30 cm) and during freezing periods of 5, 10, 20, 40, and 60 min was determined in maize stalks using CT and the positioner-laser of the CT apparatus. It has been found that the thickness of the ice had a significant effect on the displacement of the overwintering larvae, however, the impact of the duration of freezing on the moving of the larvae could not be proven statistically. Enhanced larvae activity due to thinner ice layers (5, 15 cm) were of exponential type, which was more pronounced just prior to the freezing point. In contrast, thicker ice covering (30 cm) caused complete immobility. According to our results, the diapausing larvae were still able to move and albeit it appeared to be capable of surviving the direct impact of extreme cold, it could even leave its overwintering place as a result of low temperature. Further-more, the maize stalk tissue contributes to the survival-success of the larvae as it seems to act as a temperature-buffer moderating the severe impact that low temperature exerts on living tissue.
Korlátozottan hozzáférhető
A csillagfürt, mint nyúltakarmány
Matics, Zsolt; Szendrő, Zsolt; Gerencsér, Zsolt; Szendrő, Katalin; egyetemi oktató, kutató
Szabadon hozzáférhető
CT-supported analysis of the destructive effects of Varroa destructor on the pre-imaginal development of honey bee, Apis mellifera
KESZTHELYI, Sándor; SIPOS, Tamás; CSÓKA, Ádám; DONKÓ, DONKÓ; BSc, MSc hallgató; PhD hallgató; egyetemi oktató, kutató
The ectoparasitic mite, Varroa destructor , is a most important health risk for European honey bee subspecies (Apis mellifera ) globally. There is a scarcity in experimental approaches addressing this issue by using computed tomography. Our purpose was to determine the decrease in the volume, surface, density and weight alteration triggered by V. destructor in pre-imaginal stages of A. mellifera using computer-based 3-D reconstruction technology. Computer tomography used in the current study proved to be sufficiently sensitive for the detection of V. destructor in comb cells. This non-invasive experimental setup revealed that the developing worker pupae have retained their volume and surface values, whereas the weight loss triggered by V. destructor was statistically confirmed. In addition, the disappearance of lower radiodensity tissues is shown to be due to mite parasitism, which can be primarily explained by haemolymph losses.
Szabadon hozzáférhető
DIVERGENT SELECTION FOR FAT INDEX IN PANNON KA RABBITS: GENETIC PARAMETERS, SELECTION RESPONSE
Kasza, R; Matics, Zsolt; Gerencsér, Zsolt; Donkó, Tamás; Radnai, István; Szendrő, Zsolt; Nagy, István; egyetemi oktató, kutató
The objective of this study was to estimate the response to selection for total body fat content of rabbits measured by computer tomography (CT). A divergent selection experiment was performed using Pannon Ka rabbits, which were previously selected for number of kits born alive. The so-called zero generation consisted of 351 Pannon Ka rabbits, from which the index, total body fat volume (cm3) divided by the body weight (kg), was measured. Rabbits with low and high fat index values were selected to form the parent groups of the lean and fat lines, respectively. The lines consisted of 55-72 females and 35-47 males, depending on the line and generation. After three generations, the rabbits were evaluated by means of a single trait animal model. The fat index showed a moderate heritability estimate (0.28±0.03). The magnitude of the common litter effect was small (0.10±0.02). The breeding values averaged per generation provided slightly asymmetrical responses. Based on the results, the divergent selection was successful in confirming that CT is a very suitable method for performing selection for body composition traits.
Szabadon hozzáférhető
Effect of ambient temperature and restricted feeding on the production of rabbit does and their kits
Szendrő, Zsolt; Papp, Zoltán; Kustos, Károly; egyetemi oktató, kutató
Thirty-six lactating New Zealand White rabbit does were divided into 6 groups according to ambient temperature and feed intake. The does were kept at 20 °C during pregnancy and at kindling, then they were put into climatic chambers at temperatures of 5, 15, 23 or 30 °C. One part of the does were fed ad libitum (5A, 15A, 23A and 30A), two other groups were housed at 15 °C, but they received the same amount of pellet as the does' intake at 23 °C or 30 °C (15/23R and 15/30R). The litter sizes were equalized to seven. The weight of does, milk production, feed intake and water intake were recorded daily. Heat stress reduced milk yield (148, 152, 150 and 106 g/day), feed intake (287, 279, 260 and 179 g/day) and water intake (497, 512, 526 and 428 g/day), but increased the water/feed ratio (1.73, 1.84, 2.02 and 2.39) in the groups of 5A, 15A, 23A and 30A, respectively. Body weight of does decreased at 23 °C and 30 °C by 5.6% and 8.5%, respectively, compared to 15 °C. Comparing the groups of rabbits kept at 23 °C and 30 °C fed ad libitum (23A and 30A) and the data obtained for groups of 15/23R and 15/30R it was observed that the milk yield decreased by 8.0% and 2.5%, water intake increased by 8.6 and 13.3%, and the feed/water ratio was higher by 0.18 and 0.18, respectively. The effect of heat stress was less significant on kits than on does. It can be concluded that the high ambient temperature mainly affected the milk production through the reduction of feed intake.
Szabadon hozzáférhető
Effect of ambient temperature on the productive and carcass traits of growing rabbits divergently selected for body fat content
Matics, Zsolt; Gerencsér, Zsolt; Kasza, Rozália; Terhes, Katalin; Nagy, István; Radnai, István; Dalle Zotte, Antonella; Cullere, M; Szendrő, Zsolt; egyetemi oktató, kutató
Rabbits are particularly sensitive to heat stress which can affect productive performance, with rabbit breed/line possibly playing a role on the response to this condition. The study aimed at evaluating the effect of different ambient temperatures on the live performance and carcass traits of growing rabbits divergently selected for total body fat content. The two genetic lines (Lean and Fat) were selected based on the total body fat content estimated by computer tomography during ﬁve generations. From birth to slaughter (13 weeks of age), the rabbits were housed in two rooms where the temperature was controlled with air conditioners: in the control room the average ambient temperature was 20 °C and in the high temperature room it was 28 °C. After weaning (35 d), 60 Lean and 60 Fat rabbits/room were housed by two in wire-mesh cages and fed ad libitum with commercial pellets. The BW and feed intake (FI) were measured at 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 weeks of age to calculate the daily weight gain (DWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Mortality was recorded daily. At the end of the experi ment, rabbits were slaughtered and carcass traits were measured. Mortality was independent of temperature and line. The temperature signiﬁcantly inﬂuenced the FI, DWG, BW and the fat deposits: they were lower at higher ambient temperature. The effect of temperature differed according to the rabbits' total body fat content. At control temperature, the FI (165 vs 155 g/day; P < 0.05) and FCR (4.67 vs 4.31; P < 0.05) were higher in Fat rabbits, which also had more perirenal (36.2 vs 23.1 g; P < 0.05) and scapular fat (10.8 vs 7.1 g; P < 0.05). At high temperature, no differences in fat depots (14.5 vs 9.8 g; 5.3 vs 3.5 g) were found between the two lines. It can be concluded that temperature × genetic line interaction had an important role in productive and carcass traits, as the effect of temperature differs between Lean and Fat rabbits.
Korlátozottan hozzáférhető
Effect of feed supplementation based on extruded linseed meal and ﬁsh oil on composition and sensory properties of raw milk and ultra-high temperature treated milk
Tóth, Tamás; Mwau, Paul J.; Bázár, György; Andrássy-Baka, Gabriella; Hingyi, Hajnalka; Csavajda, Éva; Varga, László; PhD hallgató; egyetemi oktató, kutató
The objectives of this study were to test the inﬂuence of a recently developed rumen protected feed supplement containing extruded linseed meal and ﬁsh oil (LFO), which was fed to lactating Holstein-Friesian cows for 10 weeks at the rate of 800 g day 1 per animal, on the chemical and fatty acid (FA) composition of raw and ultra-high temperature (UHT) treated milks and to evaluate changes in sensory properties of UHT milk by both instrumental analysis and a panel of human assessors. Inclusion of LFO in the diet did not affect milk yield or the protein and fat contents of raw and UHT milks; however, it improved the FA composition of the milk fat by increasing the concentrations of health-enhancing polyunsaturated FA and beneﬁcially decreasing the n-6/n-3 FA ratio without adversely affecting the sensory properties of the ﬁnal product (UHT milk
Korlátozottan hozzáférhető
Effect of initial body weight and body composition of TETRA-SL LL laying hens as related to the changes in their live weight, body fat content and egg production during the first egg-laying period
Milisits, Gábor; Donkó, Tamás; Almási, A; Garamvölgyi, E; Sütő, Zoltán; egyetemi oktató, kutató
Korlátozottan hozzáférhető
Effects of Different Infra-Red Irradiations on the Survival of Granary Weevil Sitophilus granarius: Bioefﬁcacy and Sustainability
Keszthelyi, Sándor; Lukács, Helga; Pál-Fám, Ferenc; PhD hallgató; egyetemi oktató, kutató
Sitophilus granarius (L.) is an important pest of stored grain worldwide. In recent years, sustainable methods against it have received attention as grain stock protective means. Our aim was to obtain information about the efﬁcacy of infrared irradiation (IR) against S. granarius in laboratory conditions. The change in adult-activity and median lethal dose (LD50 ) triggered by IR in S. granarius was examined. The insecticidal efﬁcacy in the infested grains was also analyzed at 12, 24, 48, and 72h following exposure to IR (250W), and the progeny-production was assessed 45 days upon the treatment. Based on our ﬁndings, total mortality ensued in a grain stock of 50 g at 412 s and a for 100 g grain at 256 s. A signiﬁcant increase in S. granarius mortality could be observed in the higher grain weight regime, which can be accounted for by the higher heat-absorbance of objects with higher weight. The activity of pests immediately after the beginning of IR increased and subsequently became moderated. The observation of activity-peak brought about by irradiation contribute to the optimization of chemical intervention. This treatment could provide an effective and sustainable technique in integrated pest management.
Szabadon hozzáférhető
Efficacy of H-Traps is Affected báy Exposure to Sunshine
Otártics, Máté Zsolt; Altbäcker, Vilmos; Solymosi, Kristóf; Mátics, Róbert; Romvári, Róbert; Farkas, Sándor; egyetemi oktató, kutató
ated the impact of the factors affecting the efficacy of H-traps. Catching data of 15 H-traps were analyzed. The traps were deployed at an outdoor equestrian paddock (Sántos, Somogy county) from May to July 2018. In twelve weeks, the traps collected 10,556 horsefly specimens, dominated by Tabanus autumnalis and Haematopota italica. In the first experiment we found that the distribution of caught individuals was inhomogeneous among the samples. According to the amount of caught individuals, trap efficacy showed spatial and temporal inhomogeneity. In the second experiment, after the rearrangement of traps, we found that traps placed in open, sunny places in the centerline area caught significantly more horseflies than those in shady border regions. It can be concluded that the positioning of H-traps in sunny areas significantly enhances their tabanid-catching efficacy.
Szabadon hozzáférhető
EGYEDI ELHELYEZÉSSEL KOMBINÁLT CSOPORTOS TARTÁS HATÁSA AZ ANYANYULAK TERMELÉSÉRE, HELYVÁLASZTÁSÁRA ÉS VISELKEDÉSÉRE
Gerencsér, Zsolt; Farkas, T P; Szendrő, Zsolt; Nagy, István; Odermatt, Meinrad; Radnai, István; Kacsala, László; Kasza, R; Savanyó, Zs; Matics, Zsolt; egyetemi oktató, kutató
The aim of the experiment was to test a special pen system of combination of group and individual housing, examination of production and preference of rabbit does. The experiment was conducted at Kaposvár University with pregnant and lactating Pannon White rabbit does (n=48). The 1.83 x 2.00 m open top pen consisted of four individual cages (0.5 x 0.91 m) which were connected to the 1.83 x 1.00 m common area throughout a 0.25 m long and 0.20 m wide lockable corridor. The rabbit does were randomly divided into three groups. The groups differed only in that the material of walls of the individual cages. Pen with solid wall cages (Solid, n=16); pen with wire-mesh wall cages (Wire, n=16) and pen with partly solid and partly wire-mesh wall cages (Mix, MP, n=16). Four rabbit does were placed to the closed individual cages 3 days before the expected parturition for 21 days. 18 days after kindling the entrances of the individual cages were opened, and the 21-day group-housing started. All 4 does and their kits could use all individual cages and the common area freely. The kits were weaned at 35 days of age. The injuries on ears, and body were checked on days 2, 4, 8, 14 and 22 after grouping the does. 24-h video recordings were made on days 1, 2, 3, 7 and 13 after opening the doors, and location of rabbits was registered at every 15 min. On day 1 rabbit does preferred to stay alone than together (Solid: 62.3%; Wire: 64.3%; Mix: 82.8%). Later on, less rabbit does located alone (on day 13: Solid: 30.8%; Wire: 51.0%; Mix: 39.2%). On day 1 in all pens the majority of the does located in the individual cages (Solid: 77.3%; Wire: 76.8%; Mix: 83.9%), however later the percentage of does in the individual cages decreased until day 13. At almost every day less rabbit does preferred the individual cages in the Solid than in Wire or Mix group. Rabbit does preferred their own cages, more rabbit does stayed in the own cages than the expected probability (25%) on all days (day 1: Solid: 64.6%; Wire: 68.4%; Mix: 74.6%; day 13: Solid: 28.0%; Wire: 38.0%; Mix: 34.5%). In Mix group rabbit does which were housed in solid wall cages before grouping preferred to stay in the solid wall cages in all days (day 13: 59.1%) and that of housed in wire-mesh cages before grouping preferred to stay in wire- mesh cages (day 13: 65.6%). No significant differences were found between the different types of pens in almost the all production traits. The productive performance fits to the results of Pannon Breeding Program. On the other hand in Wire and Mix groups the does mortality were 6.3% and 12.5% and the kindling rates were 62.5 and 68.8%. The ratio of injured rabbits was higher than 50% in each system. Based on the results it can be concluded that the main problems of group housing of does (aggressiveness, injuries) have not been solved with this system.
Szabadon hozzáférhető
AZ ELTÉRŐ KÖRNYEZETI HŐMÉRSÉKLET HATÁSÁNAK VIZSGÁLATA ALACSONY ÉS MAGAS TESTZSÍRTARTALOMRA SZELEKTÁLT NÖVENDÉKNYULAKON
Terhes, Katalin; Gerencsér, Zsolt; Nagy, István; Radnai, István; Kasza, Rozália; Dalle Zotte, Antonella; Cullere, M; Matics, Zsolt; egyetemi oktató, kutató
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of divergent selection for total body fat content on the production performance and carcass traits of growing rabbits at different ambient temperature. The experiment was conducted at Kaposvár University with Pannon Ka growing rabbits. Weaned rabbits (n= 60 Lean and 60 Fat rabbits/room) were housed in two identical rooms where the temperature was controlled with air conditioner. In the control room the average ambient temperature was 20°C and in the other room it was 28°C. The rabbits were born in these rooms, and were housed from weaning (5 wk) to slaughtering (13 wk) in wire-mesh cages (2 rabbits/cage) and fed ad libitum with commercial pellet. Body weight and feed consumption was measured fortnightly and the individual weight gain and feed conversion ratio were calculated. At the end of the experiment rabbits were slaughtered. The temperature significantly influenced the production performance and carcass traits. On higher temperature feed intake, weight gain and body weight decreased but the feed conversion ratio improved. The Lean rabbits were heavier and their chilled carcass was greater than Fat rabbits on higher temperature. On control temperature Fat rabbits consumed more feed and their feed conversion ratio deteriorated. The perirenal and scapular fat were lower on higher temperature in both genotype, but Fat rabbits had significantly more fat than Lean rabbits. The higher temperature had negative effect on the production but Lean rabbits had better results in some traits than Fat rabbits.

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