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Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A TESCO Magyarország fenntarthatósági és közösségi tevékenysége menedzsment összefüggésének vizsgálata(2024-07-13) Tessényi, Judit; Katona, NorbertIn their fifth sustainability management case study, the authors examine the focus, organizational processes, and operation of TESCO's responsibility and community activities in Hungary. On the one hand they executed analyses of publicly available company reports and internal documents, while on the other hand, they conducted semi-structured interviews with internal and external experts who play a key role in the added CSR activities. In addition to the descriptive presentation of the activities, the authors' work points out that there are many crutial organizational conditions for the effective management of organizational processes related to sustainability and communities, furthermore they highligted the possibilities and limitations of involving external parties and service providers, as well. The value of the case study is enhanced by the fact that no comprehensive case study presenting the sustainability activities of the leading domestic food retail companies has been published recently. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes: A13, D6, F6, M14, M19, M38Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető alternatív fehérjét gyártó vállalkozások jellemzői(2024-07-13) Szenderák, JánosExcessive consumption of animal-based protein has led to a significant negative impact on the environment and human health. Companies producing alternative protein end-products aim to produce substitute products that are similar to conventional animal-based products with less environmental impact. In this research, 955 alternative protein companies were analyzed using descriptive methods. The results revealed a significant increase in the number of companies after 2015, indicating high industry potential and an increasing global focus on sustainability. Plant-based products dominated the production structure because they were more appealing to consumers and may reach price parity sooner. Current food systems are unsustainable. Thus, although some factors still hinder the market uptake of alternative proteins, a shift towards a more sustainable food system is inevitable in the future.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Literature analysis of the language challenges and the responses thereto of European multinational companies(2024-07-13) Várnagy, EdinaLanguage diversity is an inherent part of international business transactions, despite the dominance of English. The challenge for management, HRM, and employees in multinational companies is to find the right strategy. Multinational organizations can be categorized using the EPRG (ethnocentric, polycentric, regiocentric, geocentric) model, according to how they define their relationship with subsidiaries, and how they operate in foreign markets. Using this model, conclusions can also be drawn from their applied language strategy. JEL code: F23, Z13Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető platform alapú, kereslet elv vezérelt vállalkozások ismertségének vizsgálata Magyarországon és Romániában(2024-07-13) Kovács, Tünde Zita; Bittner, Beáta; Huzsvai, László; Nábrádi, AndrásPlatform-based, demand-driven business models, known as the sharing economy, emerged in the United States in 2008. Their emergence has been made possible by digital development, and their impact can be seen in both economic and social life, in the globalised nature of cooperation models. Since 2016, the European Commission has conducted three surveys on using the sharing economy in the EU Member States. Based on the 2018 survey, this study analyses Hungary's and Romania's relationship with the sharing economy. The survey results show that awareness of the SE is increasing, especially on the consumer side. However, a decreasing trend is observed on the service side. Demographic factors (age, gender, employment status) significantly influence the willingness to provide and use services. Respondents in the two countries are not homogeneous and have different perceptions of the opportunities and threats of the sharing economy.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Megszűnt-e a monopólium a magyar távközlésben?(2024-05-31) Kiss, Anna CsillaThe article speaks about the natural monopolies of telecommunication, the regulation of competition and within this, the structure and regulation of the telecom industry, examining how this monopoly disappeared. It searches for answers in order to find out where the competitions stands in the Hungarian market and its place in the future. Professionals and consumers of the mainly liberal telecom market in Hungary, since 2001, are expecting that the new open towards international competing will cause greater proficiency and lower costs. In the beginning of the article, its author emphasizes the views in connection with the definition of competition and a form of the imperfect competition, natural monopoly; later speaking about the regulation of competition in general. In the third part of the article, she writes about the special regulations of the competitive telecom market, mentioning Hungarian experiences and showing the structure of the market.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető emberierőforrás-fejlesztés gyakorlata és a szervezetfejlesztés(2024-05-31) Ujhelyi, MáriaIn the beginning of the third thousands, the leaders of important companies face great challenges. Human resource management plays a strategic role in more and more companies, and its representatives are becoming leaders at the companies. The author's research shows the connection between human resource management and the practice of human resource training and progression management. She wants to prove that the practice of human resource management and organizational development as a special type of progression management are greatly related. This essay is a result of her studies, which shows the connection between human resource management and the values directed by organisational development.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető logikai programozás alkalmazhatósága a döntéstámogató rendszerekben(2024-05-31) Tarnóczi, TiborThe strong market in teh globalized economy makes fast, quality responses important. In the accelerated world time for reaction has been decreased, so to say there is less time for response, on the other handm the problems have become more complex and the information needed to make the decision has grown. In this environment computational-response programs have gained an important role. This article shows the opportunities of logical programming and its use and advantages in economic modelling and decision-making systems.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető probable impact of policies and policy measures on globalisation(2024-07-13) Losoncz, MiklósThis paper aims to identify the impact of the recent economic and non-economic shocks on the globalisation of trade in terms of trade policy and structural openness, and to take a side in the discussion about the reversal, the slowdown, and the continuation of trade globalisation. The report argues that geopolitical decisions based on pure political priorities and different macro- and micro-policies may harm trade globalisation temporarily. Nevertheless, in the long run, underlying economic factors, such as decreasing trade costs and expanding services trade remain the critical driving forces of globalisation. The speed of the process is likely to be slower than before, and its characteristics are different. With weakening multilateralism and increasing fragmentation, the emerging global world order will be suboptimal from the point of view of economic efficiency. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes: F01, F02, F13, F60.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Innovatív online banki szolgáltatások megítélésének vizsgálata – diszkrét választási kísérlet egyetemista fogyasztók körében(2022-12-02) Lakatos, Vilmos; Balogh, Péter; Czine, PéterIn our study, we examine consumer preferences for innovative online banking services among students in business and management education. To achieve our research goal, we conducted a discrete choice experiment with the target group. The alternatives of our hypothetical decision situations included in our experiment were characterized by the possibility of ATM smartphone integration, the availability of real-time banking, the availability of NFC payment, and the cost per transaction. Based on our model estimates, we found that all three examined services (ATM smartphone integration, real-time banking, NFC payment) have a positive perception among respondents, while the increase in cost has a negative effect on the respondents’ sense of utility. The results of the latent class model estimated in order to address the preference heterogeneity highlighted the existence of a consumer group with very strong preferences and thus a high willingness to pay (average HUF 70) towards the existence of the NFC service. Male students with a non-Debrecen resident in higher-level vocational training are more likely to be included in this class.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Analysis of the Competitiveness in the Agri-food sector: The case of Latin America and the Caribbean Region(2022-12-02) Borges Aguiar, Giovanna Maria; Balogh, Jeremiás MátéLatin America and the Caribbean (LAC) countries are among the global leaders in the production and exports of agricultural and fisheries commodities, accounting for 15% of the world’s average agri-food export from 1995 to 2019. With rising global market competitiveness, considering the agri-food sector, it is important to assess if the region can compete against other global rivals, and in what products. Accounting for regional potential economic power, remarkable agricultural food export and market expansion, this paper explored the LAC agricultural trade patterns and export competitiveness through the analysis of the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index, and its modifications - SRCA (Symmetric Revealed Comparative Advantage), RTA (Relative Trade Advantage, and RC (Revealed Competitiveness) - in the agricultural sector for the period of 1995-2019. This paper contributes to the literature by presenting the export characteristics in Latin American developing countries, which can be an important instrument for decision-makers in the agricultural trade policy. Throughout the research period, the results indicated that Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico were the TOP agri-food exporters in LAC. The highest RCA, SRCA, and RTA were found in Guatemala, whereas the greatest RC was found in Argentina. At the product level analysis, oil seeds and oleaginous fruits, miscellaneous grains, seeds and fruit, industrial or medicinal plants, and straw and fodder (HS12) were the most exported items at the 2-digit level. Fruit and nuts, edible; peel of citrus fruit or melons (HS08) had the most competitiveness in the worldwide market, with the highest SRCA and RC indices, whereas coffee, tea, mate, and spices (HS9) had the highest BRCA and RTA values. The evidence suggests that among the TOP 10 exporters in LAC, all indices in the global agri-food trade are said to be relatively stable, whereas survival rates do not persist over time.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető impact of digitalization on the financial sector(2022-12-02) Póta, Cserne Panka; Becsky-Nagy, PatríciaPresent-day consumer society increasingly satisfies its needs through digital channels, and financial products and services are no exceptions. The 4th industrial revolution is not only about the penetration of technology, but also the paradigm shift of business processes. The traditional members of the financial sector must adapt to the digitalized world to keep their positions in the market. The penetration of BigTech and FinTech companies influenced the expectations of consumers: customer experience became the main criteria of their decisions. In order to simplify and accelerate processes, banks use the methods of digitalization, and automatize the system to increase client satisfaction. In this article, we will introduce the three bank types based primarily on the usage of innovative technology, the extension and depth of the cooperation with FinTech companies, and the status of a bank’s internal digital transformation. Also, we will introduce the current status of the banking sector evidenced by our SWOT-analysis and mention some of the existing payment solutions. JEL Classification: G21, G23Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Exit strategies of family businesses in Hungary(2022-12-02) Mosolygó-Kiss, Ágnes; Kucséber, László; Szennay, ÁronThe study aims to examine the ownership transmission strategies in the context of family firm succession in Hungary. The successful transfer of ownership, management and acquired experience at a family firm represents one of its greatest challenges; however, there is still a lack of understanding of the unique future strategies and succession outcomes of Hungarian family businesses. As a significant proportion of the founders of those family businesses established after the regime change (post-1989) are now reaching retirement age, a study of how such business organisations plan to survive the generational transition is highly relevant. This study applies a mixed methodology of quantitative and a qualitative analysis (e.g., in the case of IPOs). The results show that the average age of the examined family firm CEOs is higher than the global average and the majority of them plans to keep ownership and management within the family. Other exit strategies (i.e. initial public offerings, mergers and acquisitions) are not typical of the examined sample.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető impact of regional trade agreements on bilateral trade flows: A Systemic Literature Review(2022-12-02) MCHANI, SIBULELEThis paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the impact of regional trade agreements on trade. The empirical literature is arranged based on the econometric methods used to estimate the gravity model. Advantages and disadvantages of each method were highlighted. Papers covering RTAs from Africa, Asia, the Americas, and Europe were reviewed to gain a more representative understanding. The covered empirical literature suggests that the Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimator is more reliable than OLS in estimating gravity models, as it can deal with zero trade flows. The Fixed Effects (FE) approach produces more consistent estimates than the Random Effects (RE) approach when quantifying the effects of RTAs. This is because it allows one to control for the unobserved time-invariant variables. Surprisingly, the covered literature suggests that a great majority of African RTAs generated trade, regardless of the method of estimation used. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes: F13, F15Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Konzervatívnak túl liberális, liberálisnak túl konzervatív. Mi az?(2022-12-02) Czeglédi, PálTétel Szabadon hozzáférhető emergence of digital transformation in the automotive industry - Industry 4.0 in Hungary(2022-12-02) Tóth-Kaszás, Nikoletta; Ernszt, Ildikó; Péter, Erzsébet; Mihalics, BálintIt is no exaggeration to say that the digital transformation can be seen as both a paradigm shifts and a real technological revolution (Perez, 2010, Mergel, et al ., 2019). In order to get to know the preparedness of the Hungarian automotive industry players in the topic, we conducted an empirical research in October - December 2020. The main goal was to determine the level of automotive actors in the digital transformation process. Company leaders were primarily asked about their progress in the digital transition process, its opportunities and challenges, organizational culture, and potential human resource management responses. This study focuses on the digital transition concentrating on the following dimensions: strategy and leadership, human resources, business processes, supply chain, manufacturing, products and services. Based on the results, we classified the examined Hungarian automotive industry actors into clusters.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető gyermekvállalás árnyékára és a teljes termékenységi ráta Magyarországon?Pásztor, SzabolcsThe total fertility rate has been declining sharply in Hungary since the democratic transition. Moreover, the rate has been well below the replacement level since the second half of the 1980’s. It is therefore relevant to investigate the underlying factors behind the permanently low level and continuously declining trend in the rate. In this article, based on Walker (1995), I present the time series of the shadow price of childbearing in Hungary, with which I estimate the total cost incurred by the first-born child, using empirical data. I introduce the connection between the total fertility rate and the increasing mean age at birth. Subsequently, I first compare the tempo and parity-adjusted total fertility rate to the shadow price of childbearing, and then conduct a partial analysis. Based on the results, I recommend measures for public decision-makers that could positively incentivize childbearing Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kódok : J11, J13Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Monetary Union and the policitcal unification in Europe(2024-05-31) Jankovics, LászlóThe article deals with the European Economic and Monetary Union's connection with politics. The author examines how the Monetary Union came to be with the help of the traditional integration theories and also what answers can be gained from them on the question of politically unification. He shows how the Werner-plan, mentioned as the forerunner of the EMU, helped in forming the Union in the light of the theory of optimal currency areas. He points at the problem around European fiscal federalism. In order to elevate the mostly underrated economic powers, he uses the Mundell-Fleming model to illustrate the economic relations behind the Union, which, to some extent, stand in contrast with the way of behaviour driving back to political thinking.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető piaci intézmények megelőzik a piaci eszméket: országkeresztmetszeti teszt(2017-06-12) Czeglédi, PálThe paper examines the literature on culture, economic growth and institutions to derive hypotheses about the relationships between market beliefs, institutions, and productivity. It then tests these hypotheses with cross-country regressions. First, it points out that each of the four cause- and-effect hypotheses of the possible relationships have an economic literature, in that market beliefs are seen as parts of culture. Second, the paper tests these hypotheses by making use of the fact that they consider different variables as exogenous ones. Measures of market beliefs are the coefficients of the country-dummies in the regressions run with individual data from the World Values Survey. The tests support the two hypotheses which hold that it is institutions, not market beliefs, that are exogenous. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes : L26, O43, P16Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető infokommunikációs hullám sajátosságai(2024-05-31) Bőgel, GyörgyA közgazdaságtudományban időről időre fellángolnak a gazdasági ciklusok természetéről és okairól szóló viták. Egyesek szerint a ciklusok innovációs hullámoknak tekinthetők.A technikai fejlődés revolúciós szakaszai "rendszerváltást" idéznek elő, kisugárzó hatásuk átalakítja a gazdaság és a társadalom számos fontos összetevőjét. A cikk modern információs technológia fejlődését vizsgálja a technikai innovációra épülő cikluselmélet tükrében. Arra a kérdésre keres választ, hogy mennyire felel meg az információs csúcstechnológia eddigi története a technikai innovációt középpontba helyező ciklusmodellnek, megtalálhatók-e benne a jellegzetes fejlődési szakaszok, mennyiben hasonlít az IT ciklus a korábbi hullámokra, előidézett-e a fenti értelemben vett "rendszerváltást". A kérdés vizsgálatánál a szerző megkülönböztetett figyelmet szentel a vállalatvezetésnek. Legfontosabb megállapítása az, hogy az információs technológia fejlődése valóban hullámot gerjesztett a gazdaságban és a társadalomban, ami sok tekintettben hasonlít a korábbiakra, de egyes pontokon el is tér azoktól. Kitér arra is, hogy ha valóban beszélhetünk informatikai ciklusról, akkor hol tartunk benne most, és milyenek a kilátások.