Acta Medicinae et Sociologica (DE-journals)
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Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A technológiai fejlődés hatása a nemek közötti munkamegosztásra az egészségügyben, a robotasszisztált sebészet területén(2024-05-28) Papp, Annamária; Kun, András IstvánTechnological progress has always played a key role in the development of the economy and society throughout human history. Their impact on society is multifaceted and constantly transforming our world. One aspect of social impact is the impact on the sexual division of labour. As a result of these processes, the labour market may undergo significant changes. The impact of technological development on the division of labour between sexes or genders is complex and multifaceted, therefore it can be examined from several aspects. Although technology offers opportunities for gender equality between women and men, the extent and direction of this depends on many factors, including cultural, social and economic circumstances. The present study focuses on an important sector of the economy, healthcare, which is significantly affected by technological development. Among the technological changes taking place in the sector, it examines the emergence of robotic surgery, with a particular focus on its impact on the gender division of labour within the surgical professions.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Egészségfejlesztő, iskolai programok a Nyíregyházi járásban működő Egészségfejlesztési Iroda tevékenységében(2023-12-15) M. Kornyicki, Ágota; Sárosiné Udud, Tünde; Tóthné Hatházi, Anita; Kőpájer, IstvánIn the current strategic documents focusing on improving the health status of the Hungarian population, the implementation of community health promotion programs to prevent diseases affecting children is highly recommended. School health promotion plays a key role in terms of the health of the younger generations and the health of the staff of educational institutions. That is why the Health Promotion Office (HPO) in the Nyíregyháza district treats the health promotion activities implemented at the school setting as a priority area of its work, which supports the implementation of the comprehensive school health promotion (TIE) concept as a EFI task. The purpose of this manuscript is to present the magnitude of the work carried out by HPO for school-aged children over the past five years, in the period between 2018 and 2022. The analysis of the data was based on HPO's self-edited event summary. The Office, which started operating in March 2018, served 29,076 clients with school-based health promotion community programs until December 2022 and provided opportunities for children attending educational institutions in the Nyíregyháza district to improve their health and raise health consciousness on 1,070 occasions. The employees of HPO developed and implemented 55 programs with different professional content, which primarily reflected the needs, and secondarily the local needs. The recorded data are not suitable for measuring the long-term effectiveness of the intervention, but it shows the magnitude of the work carried out in the field.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A rurális közegben élő szülők IKT-attitűdjei, nevelési stílusai - Az olvasóvá nevelés digitális kihívásai(2024-05-28) Néma, Judit EszterThe present paper is a continuation of a sociological study on reading - published in 2023 (Néma, 2023c) -, in which I present the results of my research in a rural setting in Transylvania (Parajd, Harghita County), focusing on the challenges of literacy education. The study, conducted in the autumn of 2022, aimed to gain narratives from graduate mothers, using a semi-structured interview method (10 interviews) to approach their children's literacy education in the context of increased digitalisation. In order to get a handle on parental digital literacy, I captured the perception of ICT tools along parenting styles. In parallel to identifying the spatial digitalisation context, I also subjected parents' ICT perceptions by content analysis. From the set of ICT-related statements (232 opinions) extracted from the narrative, I also identify a set of references reflecting on reading to explore the reasons for the passivity towards reading - as a research goal for my PhD dissertation research, too.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Digitális kihívások a felsőoktatásban: Az NKE oktatóinak digitális készségeinek kvantitatív vizsgálata(2024-05-28) Barnucz, Nóra; Botos, Virág; Ceglédi, Szabolcs; Dominek, Dalma LillaThe information society is not only transforming the process of education but also creating new positions and challenges in the labour market, and education must prepare for this. Research shows that the success of education depends mostly on teachers (Mourshed, Chijoka and Barber 2010). In this study, we investigate the digital competence of teachers at Ludovika University of Public Service (hereinafter: LUPC) (N=824). For the quantitative research, we used the DigCompEdu questionnaire. The level of digital competence of the teachers is assessed based on their own self-assessment. We assume that although their digital competences need improvement, but their motivation to use digital technologies in the classroom is positive. The instructors scored higher points in the areas of digital resource management, professional engagement and teaching & learning but they scored the lowest in the area of assessment.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Fogyatékossággal élő serdülőkorú fiatalok tápláltsági állapota és testképe Szabolcs-Szatmár Bereg vármegyében(2023-12-15) Barabás, Ágota; Nagy, Attila Csaba; Pázmány, Viktória; Molnárné Grestyák, Anita Katalin; Jávorné Erdei, RenátaFrom the point of view of learning a healthy lifestyle, adolescence is a very sensitive period, characterized by risk-seeking behavior and risk-laden period. This period is characterized by the appreciation of peer relationships, which can also be observed in children with disabilities. An incorrect lifestyle, obesity/overweight is a predictor of adult health. Persons with disabilities often live with co-morbidities and can count on a shorter lifespan. The aim of this study is to assess the nutritional status of young people aged 12-18 with disabilities in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County. According to the results, two-thirds of young people have an inadequate nutritional status, more than 30% are overweight or obese. Obesity/overweight occurs at a lower rate among children of families with above-average financial status.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Szociális és pszichológiai tényezők szerepe a középiskolások dohányzásában és alkoholfogyasztásában(2023-12-15) Varga, Szabolcs; Ábrám, Zoltán; Pikó, BettinaThe study aimed to research background factors and motivations for smoking and alcohol consumption among Hungarian adolescents. 501 students from Debrecen participated in the survey. Among the social variables, the best friend's smoking (EH=16.72; p<0.001) and alcohol consumption (EH=22.77; p<0.001) as well as the harmful passions of peers acted as risk factors in the sample. Among the psychological variables, high self-esteem is a risk factor (alcohol: EH=1.04; p<0.05), while shyness (alcohol: EH=0.97; p<0.01; smoking: EH=0.97; p<0.05) and the feeling of loneliness (alcohol: EH=0.96; p<0.001) also proved to be protective factors. The behavior of psychological variables is explained by the primary role of social variables. The results highlight the importance of teaching young people how to behave assertively in social situations, avoiding peer pressure, before they start using drugs for self-strengthening and coping.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A munkahelyi egészségfejlesztés és az egészségturizmus kapcsolata Magyarországon(2023-12-15) Helmeczi, Gabriella; Láczay, MagdolnaDemographic changes have made it particularly important in European societies with an ageing population to ensure that workers' health is as good as possible, so that they can continue to work reliably and to a high standard for as long as possible. However, for a number of reasons, workers are unable to meet this expectation, based on workplace health surveys and absenteeism rates. Health promotion at the workplace has therefore become a priority not only for employees but also for employers, with the aim of enabling people to remain active for as long as possible and to prevent the onset of chronic diseases. In the present study, we will discuss the interconnection between health promotion and healthy lifestyles, and the possible means of achieving this, primarily by describing the Hungarian situation in the context of health tourism.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Fő a mértékletesség! Fél évezredes életmódtanácsok fiataloknak(2023-12-15) Sántha, ÁgnesThis study presents some historical aspects of health sciences through the health education school book written in the 16 th century for Transylvanian Saxon pupils. Paulus Kyr, doctor of Brașov (Kronstadt), a town in the Carpathian Arch, sums up the medical knowledge of his time for his pupils in a booklet called Sanitatis Studium. The booklet did not reach international fame, but serves with curiosities in cultural and health science history about the lifestyle of his time, and, at the same time, reveals aspects of the Renaissance’s reception in Transylvania. Kyr’s work has not lost anything from its topicality first and foremost due to the fact that appropriate lifestyle is being perceived as the key to preserving good health. This study reconsiders Kyr’s recommendations from the health sciences’ perspective of our days.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Review - Sociology of Education: Theories, communities, contexts(2023-12-15) Varga, Zsombor; Markovics, Márton; Tóth, DalmaGabriella Pusztai (Ed.) (2022): Sociology of education: Theories, communities, contexts. Debrecen University Press. Debrecen.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A hátrányos helyzetű tanulók nem-kognitív problémamegoldó készségének fejlődése a tanodában(2023-05-31) Bihari, IldikóIn contrast to cognitive skills, non-cognitive skills play a key role in shaping an individual's life course, yet the development of non-cognitive skills attracts insufficient attention. This study explores the contribution of study halls today to address the social disadvantage inherited by students in the area of non-cognitive problem-solving skills. The results of our exploratory study in five study halls in cities with county status in the Northern Great Plain region showed that study halls play a prominent role in mitigating the skills deficits of the mainly upper primary disadvantaged students included in the study. As a result of the developmental work of the study hall, problem-solving skills showed improvements mainly in the reduction of problem sources, in the problem-solving instruments and in the form of problem solving. As a result of the intervention of the study hall, the students' acquired social disadvantages were reduced and their inclusion in school, later in the labour market and in society was reinforced.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Az óvodáskorú gyermekek társas megküzdésének és szüleik szocioökonómiai hátterének összefüggései(2023-05-31) Lazsádi, CsillaThe research investigates how parental socioeconomic background (level of education, financial situation, labor market activity and the type of settlement) affects the preschooler’s coping skills in social conflicts. The focus is on the most effective coping strategies in kindergarten: negotiation and seeking help from an adult and the inadaptive one: physical aggression. We obtained measures on Coping Mechanism Questionnaire both from the teachers and children, and 306 parents answered the questionnaire about home environment. Regression analyses was applied to find out if there are independent variables with an explanatory role. According to our findings, SES has its relevance in the development of social coping mechanisms. Educational achievement and the activity of parents on the labour-market have been proved to have a moderator role in formation of coping skills among other demographic and psychosocial factors. Children with a more favorable social background cope more effectively.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A Nemzeti Együttműködési Alap (NEA) és előzményének támogatási rendszere - különös tekintettel a sportcivilek támogatására(2024-05-28) Szabados, György Norbert; Bácsné Bába, Éva; Orbán, Szabolcs Gergely; Bács, Zoltán; Helmeczi, András; Szabados, Krisztián; Ráthonyi, Gergely Gábor; Balogh, RenátóOf the democratic political system, plural profile civic organizations are essential components. A special feature of the bottom up organized civic organizations, with increasing number after the change of regime in Hungary, is the strong correlation with/dependency from the subsidies. In 2003 a comprehensive, application based subsidy system was introduced (National Cooperation Fund (NCF) in English, Nemzeti Civil Alap, NCA,in Hungarian)), and this one now called Nemzeti Együttműködési Alap (NEA) provides support for approximately 10% of the organizations of the civic sphere by providing finance for operational and program-related costs. From the beginning the system has changed considerably, and currently, it provides even pre-financed subsidy for the prepared organizations. Through the available, related statistics our study aims to highlight some specialities of the subsidy system in a way which is different from the usual program calls. The essay revals that currently available data, sources can only be assessed with considerable cautiousness, and it also details that although reqirements of the access did not really change, still the year of 2024 without the compensation will have an impact on the predictability of this subsidy form.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető IBS-es betegek egészségmagatartása, megoldáskeresése és ennek hatása az IBS- ből való gyógyulásról alkotott véleményükre(2024-05-28) Magyari, Izabella Mónika; Nagy, Attila Csaba; Molnár, EdinaIrritable Bowel Syndrome is a much-researched functional gastrointestinal disease. The diagnosis and finding personalized therapy is a lengthy process. Our study aims to find out about the IBS patient’s search for solution: what specialists they turn to, what therapies they tried with what results, how strictly they follow specialists’ instructions, when do they start looking for a solution themselves, how much they trust the different specialists and what they think about their chances of recovery. We looked for volunteers with IBS disease on social platforms. From 45 volunteers, 27 submitted their responses to our survey. The results were evaluated with statistics done in Excel and SPSS: Pearson’s chi square, Fisher’s exact, standard deviation and distribution. Summary of results: there is a significant relationship between the onset of symptoms and the time when patients turn to a physician. With regards to the relationship between therapies applied and their efficacy on remediating symptoms, there was no significant relationship. Similarly, there was no significant relationship between strictly following the indications and their opinion about chances of recovery.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető TDK részvétel motivációi a Debreceni Egyetem Tehetséggondozó Programjában résztvevő hallgatók körében(2024-05-28) Olvasztó, Zsófia; Dajnoki, KrisztinaRecognition and support of outstanding students are among the most important tasks of higher education, as they can thereby be motivated to pursue a career in academia. In our study, we examined the willingness of members of the Talent Management Program (DETEP) at the University of Debrecen to participate and present at scientific student conferences. Our research was based on a questionnaire survey. The sample consisted of respondents who had previously participated in local TDK conferences (n=128). Based on our results, we can conclude that students who have participated three or more times in TDK events are considering a future career in academia. Respondents who have participated only once mainly participate for the purpose of the competition According to the results between achieving the ranking and the experience of participating in the TDK, participation is experienced as a positive experience if they manage to achieve a ranking at the local conference. Additionally, achieving a ranking also affects the feeling of gaining an advantage during studies and faculty recognition among the respondents.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Tanodás és nem tanodás gyerekek szociális kompetenciáinak összevetése kérdőíves, megfigyeléses és narratív módszertannal(2024-05-28) Nagy, Zsófia; Kovács, JuditIn school settings, there are often not enough opportunities to develop children's social competencies besides developing their cognitive abilities. But there is a need for this kind of support, especially in disadvantaged areas and for minority children. Study-hall programs function to compensate for this deficiency. We compared matched groups of primary school pupils in two municipalities in the Northern part of Hungary. One group participated in a study hall program, while the other did not. We measured social competencies. Impulsivity and aggression were measured with questionnaires, while communication and future vision were approached qualitatively. Children attending Study-hall programs like to go there, and most of them listed playing activities among the best programs. Our results show that children from the study hall program have better communication skills and a more realistic vision of the future, and based on their self-report, they feel more like they belong to the majority society than their peers from the school without a study hall program. We conclude that study halls can mitigate disadvantages coming from low socio-economic status.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Lifestyle and socio-economic inequalities in diabetes prevalence in Madadeni Township, South Africa(2023-12-15) Mposula, Zibuyile Angel; Pacza, Tünde; Szepesi, Judith; Máthé, EndreRapid urbanization, social inequalities, sedentary lifestyles, and unhealthy eating habits are contributing factors to the increasing prevalence of diabetes in South Africa. Data was collected from 99 residents in Madadeni, South Africa. The analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) V.29. The sample had a mean age of 67.4±9.4 years, with 73.74% females and 26.26% males. Majority had Grade 10 as their highest level of education (31.31%) and were retired (51.52%). The average number of household members was 6.35±2.57. The average estimated total income was R5681.82±R2585.73 per month, with 2.13±0.92 members contributing to household income. Majority (72.72%) had T2DM, while 27.27% had T1DM. The quantitative results highlight the importance of increasing awareness and providing health education to empower the affected population with self-management knowledge.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Az oktatói személyiség sajátosságai a vasútszakmában(2023-05-31) Farkas, Attila; Filep, Roland; Dajnoki, KrisztinaFor decades, researchers and practitioners have been searching for the answer to the question, which is still relevant today, of what makes a teacher "good", that is, effective and efficient. The solution is also to be found in the instructor's personality. In the course of our research, we aimed to examine the personality of railway instructors. In addition to the analysis of general personality traits with the Big Five model, our sub-goals included the study of the instructor's assertiveness, basic attitude towards people, influence technique and conflict management method. We conducted our own research using a questionnaire method and widely used tools at four different organizations. Analysis of variance was used to examine differences between groups. Based on the results, the instructors have the right foundations to create a positive atmosphere. They are characterized by openness, friendliness and an above-average level of assertiveness, and Machiavellianism is present only to a small extent. In conflict management, compromise, problem solving and avoidance are the most typical styles. Based on the results, we recommend further increasing the level of openness and assertiveness, and instead of seeking compromises, we recommend the use of complex problem solving more often.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A brief comprehensive overview of surrogacy(2023-05-31) Adaranijo, Temitope Emmanuel; Sárváry, Andrea GabriellaStatistics situates infertility as a global health issue with about 48 million couples and 186 million individuals. The rate at which IVF and surrogacy arrangement have been engaged globally has raised alarm to scholars in medicine, sociology, law, social work, psychology, and religion among other fields. Improved methods and unarguable advantages of surrogacy particularly to couples in dire need of children has left even more questions unanswered. The focus of this research is placed on the interdisciplinary factors that influences the practice of surrogacy. Due to the paucity of data on the subject, a systematic review of relevant published articles dated until 2023 were engaged within survey design. This study argues that surrogacy is not welcomed in many societies, however, it is also clearly noted that it is currently practiced in several countries. Interdisciplinary collaboration has been situated within surrogacy practice, and the findings of this study is prominent for such.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Az olvasás funkciójának narratívái rurális családi literációs kontextusban - Szülői olvasói attitűdkutatás(2023-05-31) Néma, Judit EszterThis study exemines the family literacy narratives in perspective of reading sociology, based on parental reading beliefs in rural context (Praid, Harghita county). In this analysed region access of cultural abilities represents a barrier in family literacy practicies, thus the main aim of this research is to present high educated mothers’ opportunities on behalf of emergent literacy development in rural home literacy environment. The current study is based on 10 semi-structured interviews focusing on benefits of reading in early childhood literacy development.