Acta Medicinae et Sociologica (DE-journals)
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Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Határmenti ifjúság gazdasági és társadalmi viszonyulása a térséghez(2019-09-13) Ludescher, GabriellaThe study maps the North-Eastern European 17-19-year old young people living in the counties along the border in Poland, Ukraine and Hungary. The hypothesis of the research study is that the regional identity of the young people is in significant connection with their transborder economic, social activity. According to another research hypothesis those young people assess their attitude to the neighbouring nationalities „very positively” who travel abroad more often and/or whose relatives are members of that nationality. The regions selected to the research have special geographical endowments, however, they face serious economic and social difficulties as well. The competitiveness and prosperity of these regions more and more depend on whether the people and enterprises living there are able to optimally use all the territorial advantages. The competitiveness of the economy depends on the development of relationships with other territories, however, research studies have shown that current enterprises in this region could not live with the opportunities offered by the region’s location, which can be explained by their postsocialist past (Hardi, 2001). From the 1990s cross-border cooperation started to appear among the North-Eastern European regions. The 2004 EU accession made free movement of goods, services and capital possible for two countries (Hungary and Poland) from among the examined countries. In addition to this movement, the flow of technology and ideas as well as cross-border cooperation have become a more and more important element of the regional development. The reason why the 17-19-year old age group has become the target group of the research study is that they were not only born into these new possibilities but they will also become a part of their daily lives. Hopefully during the next decade this age group will become the engine of the crossborder economy and cohesion due to their regional location and their relations.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Oktatók és facilitátorok különböző oktatási terekben(2019-09-13) Kristóf, Zsolt; Varga, AnitaNowadays the information society can not imagine its everyday life without the use of the Internet. Keelan and her colleagues determined the benefits that virtual worlds can impact to traditional territories. Virtual spaces can abolish physical-geographic boundaries in cases where research is far apart from the group of people to be examined (Keelan et al. 2015). Whether we are planning to implement the education process in real space or virtual space, explanation and assistance in many cases may be indispensable. Gamage and his research associates differentiated the subjects of their research as to how much they had experienced in the use of virtual spaces. Both groups agreed that the use of platforms was an advantage in learning but they differed in their opinion of the likelihood of emotional connection between teacher and student in the virtual world (Gamage et al. 2011). The activities of teaching assistants can be useful not only in the real learning environment, but also in the virtual learning environment. The facilitator is a person who can work efficiently with both the instructor and the students. The facilitator contributes to the smoothness and effectiveness of teaching processes (Schwarz et al. 2011). In our article, we present and define the preceding, participatory, follow-up and continuous facilitator roles we have outlined. From the facilitator's point of view and from the traditional learning environment we get to the exact parameters of the role that is necessarily emerging in the learning environments of virtual spaces.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Rizikó-magatartással jellemezhető hallgatók tanulmányi kockázatai(2019-09-13) Kovács, Klára; Müller, AnettaThe aim of our study is to reveal the effectiveness and efficiency of students with different health behaviors. We were curious about the differences between students with different health-care (risk, inactive and health-conscious) students in the studied dimensions of educational performance in Hungary in the Northern Great Plain region, as well as in the Transcarpathia, Highlands, Vojvodina, Par-tium and Transylvania (IESA 2015; N = 2017). In line with our preliminary assumptions, we can see that there are more students at risk who attend less than half of the lectures, one or two or even half of their exams have not been completed, and less than one hour per lesson, while the latter is the least characteristic of for health-conscious students. They are making great efforts to meet their serious study load, but there are more people who are unable to cope with these difficulties in the first round and have failed their examinations. In this way, health-conscious behavior does not constitute supporting factor in the effectiveness of the study.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Potyázók, anómiások, rituális perzisztensek és célorientált perzisztensek. A hallgatói lemorzsolódás szokatlan veszélyei(2019-09-13) Ceglédi, TímeaThe question of our study is measuring the relationship between the risk of dropout and the belief in the usefulness of the higher educational certificate and the effort to obtain it. In our analysis, the student database of the HERD research (N=1295) was used. Four groups were identified by cluster analysis. 1) Among the anomic students (the group described with anomie), the level of belief the usefulness of the higher educational certificate and the effort toward that is the lowest while the risk of dropping out is the highest. 2) The ritual persistent (i.e. tenacious) students are able to make strong efforts but do not believe in the degree. Their diligence does not offer them the same level of protection against dropout as 3) the goal-oriented persistence which means that the student believes in the degree as well besides the diligence. 4) The freeloaders are less diligent, but aware of the value of the degree, offering them bigger protection than the disappointed diligence of the ritual persistent students. Among the target-oriented persistent group is higher the proportion of students who learnt in an elite secondary educational institution and who has a graduated householder, while among the ritual persistent group the proportion of those having priority admission points due to disadvantaged/cumulative disadvantaged (HH/HHH) position is higher.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Discovering factors influencing study success of students with disabilities and learning difficulties in an interview study(2019-09-13) Hrabéczy, AnettThe focus of our research is on students with disabilities defined by the current National Higher Education Act in Hungary. The actuality of the topic is that after the millennium, due to the expansion of higher education, the above-mentioned students appeared at universities, but regulations dealing with their presence in Hungary were laid down as late as 2007. Earlier researches have studied the accessibility and inclusive practices of the institutions internationally and in Hungary, but only little attention has been paid to these students’ chances of acquisition and retention to higher education. Equal opportunities in higher education appear to be an important supporting factor in our research however, the overall social context of the individual has a great influence on successful entry and graduation. A further research opportunity, a deeper, more extensive quantitative study of the institutional presence of students with disabilities and the factors contributing to their learning success is emerging.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Autizmusban érintett tanulók körében alkalmazható anti-bullying megközelítés egy szakirodalmi áttekintés tükrében(2019-09-13) Marjai, KamillaThe investigation of the phenomenon called bullying has started approximately five decades ago and simultaneously prevention and intervention programs have been developed. Shedding light on the concern of students with disabilities, such as children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders has delayed. The focused programs for students with autism are still missing, though it is likely that the tools and aiming of prevention and intervention should not be irrespective of the nature and diagnosis of autism and the identified risk factors.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető responsibility of higher education(2019-09-13) Csók, CintiaIn our present work – based on Gabriella Pusztai, Veronika Bocsi, Tímea Ceglédi (2016, eds.): A felsőoktatás (hozzáadott) értéke [The value (added) in higher education] – we focus on the individual and institutional differences of effectiveness, and on the scope of efficiency of the institutions. The volume published within the framework of the Higher education & Society book series of Center for Higher Education Research & Development (University of Debrecen, Hungary) focuses primarily on the comparative approach, complex approach, and methodological challenges of institutional impact, as well as the eclectic nature of the topic from a student and institutional perspective.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető RECENZIÓ a „Lemorzsolódott hallgatók 2018” című tanulmánykötetről(2019-09-13) Pázmány, ViktóriaA tanulmánykötet: Kovács Klára - Ceglédi Tímea - Csók Cintia - Demeter-Karászi Zsuzsanna - Dusa Ágnes Réka - Fényes Hajnalka - Hrabéczy Anett - Kocsis Zsófia - Kovács Karolina Eszter - Markos Valéria - Máté Szabó Barbara - Németh Dóra Katalin - Pallay Katalin - Pusztai Gabriella - Szigeti Fruzsina - Tóth Dorina Anna - Váradi Judit: LEMORZSOLÓDOTT HALLGATÓK. In: OKTATÁSKUTATÓK KÖNYVTÁRA 6. Debrecen, 2019.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető társadalmi státus transzmissziója és a felsőoktatási lemorzsolódás(2019-09-13) Pusztai, Gabriella; Fónai, Mihály; Bocsi, VeronikaThe transmission of social status and dropping out from higher education. The sociology of intellectuals offers us a special approach to the phenomenon of dropout. The rate of students with lower parental educational level (’non-traditional students’) has been changed during the process of the expansion. These students have deficiencies in several fields and these deficiencies can rise the chance of drop-out. In the frame of „Social and institutional factors of student dropout in higher education” project (led by Prof. Gabriella Pusztai, OTKA project, no. 123847) a database was created in 2018 (N=605). The respondents were earlier students after the drop-out process. We tried to identify the features of the sociocultural background, the main factors of the drop-out and compare the patterns of the first generation intellectuals and students with intellectual background. Our empirical findings have showed that in the case of lower parental level the elements of compulsion seems to be more typical and voluntary withdrawal seems to be more frequent in the other case.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Nyíregyházi, telepi körülmények között élő, 18-29 éves roma fiatalok egészségmagatartása (fókuszcsoportos interjú)(2019-12-31) Ember, ZsoltBesides being at economic, educational and cultural disadvantage, Roma people prove to be a highly disadvantageous social layer in health care, as well. The most disadvantageous ones reside in settlements. Although health is a basic value and activity potential for everybody, it is unlikely to develop and function well without sufficient knowledge on health and individual responsibility, or when the right to access to health care and the principle of equal treatment are damaged, or when comprehensive social policy development programs are incomplete, but most of all when the majority does not show an inclusive attitude towards Roma people. The present study reveals the health behaviour of young Roma adults of 18-19 years of age through a focus group interview.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A rizikómagatartás egyes jellemzői Nyíregyháza szegregátumaiban(2019-12-31) Hüse, LajosThis study examines some risk behaviour characteristics in the segregated areas of Nyíregyháza. Up to 271 respondents filled in the questionnaires of the research which also involved a focus group examination on public security. Our results have shown that in these areas, where most of poorest households are crammed, health impairing behaviours aggravate health status influenced by other factors. The rate of three times as many daily smokers has negative impact not only on adult population but due to expectant mothers’ smoking habits it is likely to cause health impairment in children and foetuses alike. Although alcohol and drug consumption issues are a taboo in the examined community, these health impairing habits and subsequent addiction are obviously present. The examined risk behaviours show correlation with straining life events in childhood and, in a sense, they are related to health quality.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A Huszár- és Keleti lakótelepeken élők egészségi állapota Nyíregyházán – életminőségre gyakorolt hatások(2019-12-31) Jávorné Erdei, Renáta; Takács, PéterSome former research have shown that Roma people living in settlements in Hungary generally rate their health status worse than the majority society, and do not really feel they could do anything to improve their health status. Our research, which combines quantitative and qualitative methods, was done in two settlements in Nyíregyháza with the aim to examine the subjective health status and health behaviour of people living there. This study presents the health status of the Husar and Eastern settlements and these data are compared with that of the general population of Nyíregyháza. The health status of persons in the sample was significantly impacted by their disadvantageous socialeconomic situation which must be tackled. Therefore further targeted and special health promotion programs of high priority are needed.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A támogató rendszerek szegregátumokban élő lakosságra gyakorolt hatása(2019-12-31) Krizsai, AnitaThe Quality of Life Panel Research in Nyíregyháza (2008-2018) has been examining the changes in allowances. Similarly to the national data, there is a decrease in household allowance, the allowance for economically active people, and the number of people getting allowances. This study examines whether these tendencies are the same in two segregated areas, the Husar and Eastern settlements in Nyíregyháza, since here the residents are in a more disadvantageous position which stems from their education attainment, housing conditions, employment and related financial situation. Although the rate of those who live and get allowance is higher than that of the city dwellers, despite being entitled to allowances fewer people have applied for them. In this study we examine the underlying reasons by analysing our sample through social and economic characteristics, and along their changing attitude towards allowances.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Foglalkoztatási helyzetkép a telepi körülmények között élő nyíregyházi romák körében(2019-12-31) R. Fedor, Anita; Balla, PetraIn our study we present the employment situation of people residing in the Husar and Eastern settlements which can be found in Nyíregyháza. This study is focussing on one aspect from the many dimensions examined by the research into the life quality of Roma people residing in settlements. As expected, our results revealed that the residents of these settlements are at a huge disadvantage in employment. The extent of employment is mainly influenced by low education, the high number of children and their attitude towards working. According to our results, 70% of the respondents have been unemployed before and 49.8% of them are unemployed at the moment.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Jövedelmi helyzet, jövedelmi viszonyok a telepi lakosok körében(2019-12-31) Fábián, Gergely; Takács, PéterThe monthly net income of settlement residents is much lower than in the town of Nyíregyháza or nationwide. Poor employment stands in the background, which naturally stems from the education level of settlement residents. Almost 80% of them completed 8 grades of primary school only or even fewer, while the number and rate of those who gained any qualification is very low. When examining income disparities in Nyíregyháza, it can be seen that the majority of settlement residents, 76.6%, belong to the 2 lowest deciles, and the rate of income poor also exceeds what is measured in the town or across the country. Considering the 60% of median income, 78% of the residents are poor. Regarding the costs of living, housing expenses cause the biggest trouble and many households have been struggling with arrears.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Iskolázottsági helyzetkép – Nyíregyházán telepi körülmények között élők körében(2019-12-31) Balogh, ErzsébetIn our study we examine the education of people living in two separate settlements in Nyíregyháza focussing on the type and level of completed school(s) and qualification, what they think of their future studies and getting a qualification so that similarities and differences between the two settlements can be compared. In the analysis, we present data gained in the Husar and Eastern settlements and alsocompare them with data on education from the Quality of Life Research 2018 in Nyíregyháza and the 2016 Micro Census Research by KSH. One-variable and two-variable methods were used to analyze data. Our results show that in terms of education people living in settlements lag far behind the town, county, regional and national data.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Lakhatási helyzetkép a telepeken(2019-12-31) Szoboszlai, KatalinWithin the research into the life quality of Roma people residing in settlements, this study analyzes their housing situation using the available data. Although the Husar and the Eastern settlements are separate ones situated at the most distant ends of the city of Nyíregyháza, they show similarities regarding the number and condition of flats, housing environment and the housing quality of the residents. Housing poverty is palpable in both settlements which can be described with no restoration of buildings or flats for many decades, hazards in the environment and hardly affordable housing costs. This study presents the details and tries to understand the picture behind the data.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Telepi kapcsolatok(2019-12-31) Huszti, ÉvaThis study describes some features of the ego-centric contact network of people living in settlements based on the research from early 2019 done in two settlements in Nyíregyháza. Regarding strong ties, we examine confidential network, changes in the number of friends then we examine weak ties, too. This is a descriptive writing that presents the examined dimensions through socio-demographic variables like gender, age and education.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A nyíregyházi Huszár- és Keleti lakótelepi vizsgálatok – a kutatás módszertana és a minta néhány alapvető jellemzője(2019-12-31) Takács, Péter; Huszti, ÉvaThis study contains the methodology description of settlement research carried out in Nyíregyháza. A description of geographical location and distinctiveness of the two surveyed places, Husar and Eastern settlements, is followed by an introduction of the main block of the questionnaire used in our research. The surveyed sample is described by its geographical distribution then by the main socio-demographic indicators. 271 households were examined at the two locations by questioners. 69% of the respondents were women, 31% of them men, the average age was 43.5, and rate of those with completed 8-grade primary school was prominent. The majority of the respondents lived in cohabitation or were unmarried. It is estimated that our data collection covered the 25-35% of the population in the two settlements. Regarding gender, age, level of education, marital status and economic activity there were no statistical differences between the two settlements.