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Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Termékenységi trendek vizsgálata Magyarországon és Svédországban(2025-06-30) Glázer-Kniesz, AdriennThe aim of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of fertility trends in Hungary and Sweden by examining demographic indicators (1980–2022) and the temporal evolution of structural factors. The first part of the study analyzes changes in fertility patterns based on demographic indicators. This is followed by an empirical investigation relying on trend analysis of time series data from 1995 to 2022, using international statistical databases. The trend analysis focuses on the temporal development of total fertility rates (TFR), as well as female employment rates, educational attainment, gender wage gaps, and the share of family benefits relative to GDP. The findings indicate that fertility trends often coincided with economic, social, and institutional changes. In Hungary, the TFR began to rise following its 2011 low point, while in Sweden fertility has remained relatively stable, supported by the expansion of in-kind family benefits and high female employment rates, which facilitate the reconciliation of childbearing and participation in the labour market. The analysis highlights that the impact of family policy measures is strongly conditioned by the broader structural environment.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A NEET-fiatalok közötti női felülreprezentáltság okai az oktatásban és a munkaerőpiacon – az Észak-alföldi régióban megjelenő tendenciák(2025-06-30) Papp, Kitti Mária; Mohácsi, MártaIn the member states of the European Union, the gender distribution of the NEET generation (young people aged 15–24 or 15–29 who are not in education, employment, or training) does not follow a uniform pattern. While in Western countries men tend to be overrepresented in this group, in Eastern European member states, including Hungary, women are affected disproportionally. In this study, beyond a review of the relevant literature, we also present the results of our qualitative research from 2024 carried out in Hungary’s Northern Great Plain region (Hajdú-Bihar, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg, and Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok counties). In this research, we examined the forms of gender inequality among NEET youth in terms of education and the labour market. Our key finding is that although men have, on average, lower levels of educational attainment and a higher rate of early school leaving than women, their long-term labour market prospects are more favourable. This is due to their greater geographic and occupational mobility, broader employment opportunities, and smaller burden of family responsibilities.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A középiskolás kori anyai és apai bevonódás prediktív ereje a hallgatók felsőoktatási eredményességére(2025-06-30) Csák, Zsolt; Fényes, HajnalkaParental involvement encompasses activities that support a child’s development and academic progress. Within this framework, home-based and school-based involvement can be distinguished; however, the literature also identifies a third dimension: academic socialization. This study hypothesizes that higher levels of parental involvement during secondary school positively influence achievement in higher education, despite the fact that most existing research does not address long-term effects. Using a large-scale dataset spanning five countries, we investigate the relationships between maternal and paternal involvement in secondary school and subsequent academic achievement in higher education. Our findings indicate that discussing the importance of learning – an indicator of academic socialization – is perceived as part of mothers’ everyday activities factor, while for fathers, it is associated with value transmission and emotional support factor. Notably, both factors were found to have a positive effect on higher education achievement. Based on these results, public education systems should implement programs that emphasize the long-term significance of learning for both parents and children.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A munka és a kapitalizmus viszonya, vagyis mi marad a munkából?(2025-06-30) Bajnóczki, LauraSzalai Erzsébet (2024): Mi a munka és mi a kapitalizmus? És mi jöhet utánuk? Napvilág Kiadó, Budapest, 126 oldal.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Kiáltó csend: A holokauszt helyi emlékezete Magyarországon(2025-06-30) Murányi, IstvánCsepeli György – Papp Richárd (2025): Kiáltó csend: A holokauszt helyi emlékezete Magyarországon. Múlt és Jövő Kiadó, Budapest, 278 oldal.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A család, a szülői szerepvállalás, a nevelési stílusok szerepe a fiatalkorú bűnelkövetők körében a nemzetközi szakirodalom tükrében(2025-06-30) Miklósi, MártaThe role of the family is crucial for the development of juveniles, their behaviour and norm-following, and plays a key role in shaping their values and behaviour patterns. While a whole-family upbringing is important, several other factors are also determinants of rule-following behaviour, such as the level of family cohesion, the level of aggression that may be present in the family, and the degree of parental involvement. Parenting style also shapes children’s behaviour and influences the likelihood of offending, with loving, supportive and understanding families being more likely to promote appropriate and compliant behaviour. While positive parental involvement, support, and directive parenting are associated with lower offending rates, neglectful, strict, or overly permissive parenting styles can increase the risk of subsequent offending. Supporting families to provide a stable environment for their children is key, including encouraging positive behaviours or providing resources for families experiencing difficulties.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Az EP választások másodrendű jellege(2025-03-16) Nagy, LeventeElections are in fact specific mechanisms for aggregating political preferences of the majority of voters into one will, transforming votes into seats. This is the major role of any election, whether at local, parliamentary, or EU level. The elections of the members of the European Parliament by direct and universal suffrage started in 1979, with the proposal that the members of the EP to be elected in accordance with a uniform procedure in all EU countries. In pursuit of a uniform electoral procedure for all the member-countries meant that European elections must be based on the principle of proportional representation using either the list system or the STV system. However, it turned out, that some challenges and difficulties arose reaching agreement on common principles of all countries and on the harmonisation of national traditions. One of the consequences of the complex relationship between the national parliamentary and the EP elections is that the composition of the EP does not precisely reflect the actual balance of political forces in the European Community, because the national political systems actually decide most of what there is to be decided politically. The European elections turned out to be second-order elections as additional political events to national elections. The most important political issues thus are determined more by the domestic political cleavages, than by decisions originating in the European Community. The present paper analyses the interrelationship between the first-order national elections and the second-order European elections based more or less on the works of Reif–Schmitt (1980), Marsch (1998), Covař (2016) and others.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Az ukrajnai menekültek lakhatási életútjai Magyarországon(2025-06-01) Schumann, Róbert; Zatykó, JuditOur analysis traces the complex and fragmented housing trajectories of Ukrainian refugees in Hungary. Our starting point is that the refugees fleeing the Russian-Ukrainian war form a group with somewhat different composition in Hungary than in other EU member states, which could justify the development of a different refugee care strategy in the countries concerned. We draw the domestic aspect of the phenomenon based on our mixed-methodology research with Ukrainian refugees (interviews - N=11, quantitative online survey - N=460). The fieldwork not only provides a snapshot of housing in December 2023 but also looks back to the refugees’ first housing after arrival and traces their subsequent moves. The paper tries to look behind the housing trajectories, the housing rearrangements over a period of almost two years, and to provide clues regarding other factors determining the housing impact of Ukrainian refugees. Among these factors, we focus on the impact of the offer of solidarity housing by citizens that is not part of the national refugee assistance strategy. Our related results detail the added value of private solidarity housing but also highlight that it can be risky and unsustainable without adequate support.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Társadalmi tőke Svédországban és Magyarországon: Összehasonlító elemzés a bizalom, az értékek és a társas kapcsolatok mentén(2025-03-16) Bodor, Ákos; Grünhut, ZoltánThis paper examines and compares the Swedish and Hungarian society along three dimensions: interpersonal (generalized) trust, interpersonal relationships, and values of cooperation. These are all crucial components of social capital, could be seen as its most relevant domains, which, in a macro perspective, express the cohesion and integration of a given society. Thus, the above-mentioned indicators provide deep insight into the social fabrics and dynamics of Sweden and Hungary, as well as the potential changes. The empirical analysis is based on data obtained from waves 1–10 of the European Social Survey (ESS). The relevance of the analysis is due to the specific representation of Sweden in the Hungarian political discourse and in some parts of the media. According to this framing integration and cohesion of the Swedish society is in an increasingly poor state, whereas in Hungary things are going much better. Our paper aims to shed light on this issue along the dimensions presented above. Our results show that, in terms of the dimensions of social capital examined, Swedish society is not in a bad state at all, and in fact presents a significantly more favourable picture than Hungarian society on the basis of the same indicators.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Tiltakozások eredményessége nem-demokratikus rendszerekben: Az oktatási tiltakozások Magyarországon(2025-06-01) Susánszky, PálIn 2022–23, Hungary witnessed the largest wave of protests since the fall of communism in 1990. Teachers, students and parents rallied to demand better school conditions and reforms within the educational system. In this study, I analyse the outcomes of these protests using data from the Hungarian Protest Event Database (HuPED) and 47 online news portals. I empirically examine the changes in the number of education-related protests and assess how demonstrations and strikes have influenced media discourse on the issue of education and the protesters’ demands. The results show that the protesters were clearly successful in mobilising the masses and shaping public discourse, but they were unable to achieve significant policy changes. In the second part of the paper, I explain the failure of the protests by the authorities’ protest and dissent management techniques applied against the movement.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A 2024-es európai parlamenti választás(2025-03-16) Fábián, GyörgyOne of the most important event of the 2024 super election year was the elections of the European Parliament – which took place from June 6 to 9 – because the European Union has reached a turning point. Classified as a second order election, it has taken on a new significance in the light of the current global political events, of the geopolitical, social, and political situation, as well as of the crisis resulting from the pandemic, wars, and migration towards Europe. All of this raises several questions: What characteristics possess the tenth EP election under these new circumstances? In case the EP election starts showing new features, one may ask whether it can be described in terms of the second order characteristics. Further: how have the changes under these circumstances affected the nature of the election, the participation, the electoral results, and the performance of major and minor parties, as well as the ruling parties? To what extent can secondariness of the EP elections still be considered evident? The situation is further complicated by the fact that this was the first election held after Brexit, which not only influenced the number of seats in the European Parliament and their distribution among countries, but also affected the electoral process as well as the composition of the parliamentary seating arrangements.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Globális egyetemi rangsorok: Lehetőségek és kihívások(2025-06-01) Szerletics, AntalThe aim of this study is to provide a systematic review of the various criticisms concerning global university rankings. To understand these criticisms, it seems essential to outline the methodology of different global rankings. Subsequently, the paper proceeds by discussing the challenges related to measuring the teaching activity, research performance and institutional reputation of HEIs, including the problems of data collection and presentation of results. The final part of the paper outlines two possible directions for the future of university rankings. It discusses the possibility of ‘fixing’ the rankings and it also examines the more radical, but increasingly widespread solution, i.e. the possibility of abandoning the ranking of HEIs altogether.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Asbóth a „birtokos osztály” hanyatlásáról(2025-06-01) Egedy, GergelyThe study examines the concept of the political elite of János Asbóth, the first major theorist of the Hungarian conservative thought. In line with the tradition of European conservatism, Asbóth assumed that the ‚historical’ ruling class, the landowning nobility, had to maintain its former dominant position after the Compromise of 1867, even in the context of rapidly strengthening capitalism. In his view, only this class had historical roots. The paper also points out that while in the 1870s and 1880s Asbóth saw the ‚gentry’ as the key players, by the turn of the century he turned his attention toward the landed aristocracy as the major conservative force. His historicist-defensive conservatism sharply rejected a focus on free competition, but also radical agrarian socialist aspirations. This work aims to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the development of Hungarian conservative thought.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Fiatalok állampolgári szocializációja(2024-12-31) Papp, Kitti MáriaMurányi István (2022): Fiatalok állampolgári szocializációja. Debreceni Egyetemi Kiadó, Debrecen, 108 oldalTétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A katasztrófa meghatározása(2024-12-23) Molnár, AndrásMarie Aronsson-Storrier – Rasmus Dahlberg (eds.) (2022): Defining Disaster. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 264 oldalTétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Választás és képviselet(2024-12-23) Nagy, LeventeWhether we approach representation in a wider sense (philosophical) or in a narrower sense (political), the concept is – either way – polysemic, because its meaning is determined in many respects by many factors. Representation therefore should be delt with as a contested concept. Political representation – it turns out – is a modern concept, in which the particular but very complex relationship between the representative and represented has been brought in close relationship with such basic concepts as freedom, democracy, free elections and justice, whereas political representation had litte or nothing to do with these core values earlier. In spite of the pluralist interpretation of the concept, we can distinguish statistical and substantive political representation, the first referring to voters’ political preferences expressed in Parliamentary seats, while the substantive representation refers to the content of the governmental decisions in public affairs, with respect to social expectations. The purpose of this paper is to examine political representation through morphological method, for a better understanding of its inner structure and of the interdependency of its core elements.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Szinekdochális képviselet és a határsértő mozzanat: A populizmuskutatás performatív fordulata Boris Johnson és Jeremy Corbyn esetének tükrében(2024-12-23) Baranyai, ArtúrThe past decade has seen a proliferation of work on populism, a field generally dominated by the ideational approach of Cas Mudde, offering a conceptualization of populism as a substantive position, worldview, or set of ideas underpinning public policies. In contrast, this paper proposes an alternative framewrok and draws on performative theories to shed new light on understanding populist leadership. The performative school transcends the boundaries of political discourse to place its focus on the sociocultural and stylistic-aesthetic aspects of populism. Within this conceptual framework, the paper analyses the performances of Boris Johnson and Jeremy Corbyn, respectively. Suited to empirically informed theorizing, the cases offer avenues to further develop the performative approach and to expose the limited explanatory power of the ideational paradigm. The paper’s contribution to the literature is twofold. It offers an explanation of the co-exsistence and hybridization of elitist and populist elements in the case of Boris Johnson, and highlights the need for distinguishing between populist and popular forms of representation in the case of Jeremy Corbyn, thus promoting conceptual refinement.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető „Hogyan lehet innen elmenni? Hogyan lehet ide visszajönni?” – Kortárs magyar építésznők szakmai helyzetképe(2024-12-17) Böröndy, JúliaIn recent years, the professional discourse within architecture regarding the situation of women has intensified. The reason for this increased attention is that since the early 2000s, women have become the majority among graduates, which contradicts the deeply rooted stereotypes in the public consciousness that architects are generally men. Until now, we only had estimates regarding the exact gender ratios. Therefore, in the first part of my study, I reconstructed how the ratio of women changed among the students of the Faculty of Architecture at Budapest University of Technology and Economics from 1941 to 2023, using archival documents and a digital database. Following this, in the second part of my research, I pursued answers to why we do not see women in the professional public sphere, among architectural award winners, and as members of scientific and artistic academies – what structural barriers hinder their professional advancement. This examination was conducted with the help of focus groups consisting of female architects.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A hosszú távú nemzetközi kutatói mobilitást befolyásoló tényezők – résztvevők, motivációk, célországok(2024-06-30) Jánosy, OrsolyaA significant portion of studies on the internationalization of higher education is student-centred, focusing on the number of international students at universities, foreign language courses, international collaborations, and participation in Erasmus-type student and faculty exchange programmes. In contrast, the examination of faculty mobility, particularly long-term mobility, is a less explored area. Since long-term mobility is generally organized by the faculty member through individual applications, institutions often lack centralized databases on the participants, numbers, and destination countries, making research on the topic challenging. The aim of the current paper is to review and summarize the international literature on long-term international faculty mobility, as well as the results of comprehensive international studies spanning multiple countries. The cited studies highlight international trends in mobility: main directions, the proportion of participants, their age, fields of science, gender distribution, and destination countries. The paper also points out significant differences between countries.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Jelenlét és plebiszciter képviselet: Orbán Viktor és Magyar Péter képviseleti performanszai a 2024-es választások kampányában(2024-12-23) Illés, Gábor; László, TamásThe study examines the interactions of meaning effects and presence effects in the mass events of Viktor Orbán and Péter Magyar in the 2024 election campaign, attempting to show that the performances of both leaders can be interpreted as forms of plebiscitary representation, although there are also substantial differences between them (for example, in the degree of asymmetry of the representative relationship and the palette of leader-follower interactions). The text argues that such an analysis, blending traditional aspects of representational claims analysis with ethnographic method, can help to shed light on a blind spot in contemporary performative approaches to representation: the corporeal-material aspects of performativity. Plebiscitary representation, in which a unified mass acclaiming a leader plays a key role, is a particularly suitable context for demonstrating the importance of presence-effects in the constitutive process of representation.