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Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető A Modern Pharmacological Approach to AnticoagulationGammoh, Nasser; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Megyeri, Attila; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetThis literature review examines the evolution, mechanisms, and clinical applications of anticoagulant therapies. It is focused on comparing traditional agents like warfarin and heparins with modern direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). The review first explains the coagulation cascade and its physiological regulation. The pharmacology of anticoagulant drugs is also examined to explain how these drugs target different points in the coagulation process. The paper also describes the clinical indications of anticoagulation such as the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic events like deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, atrial fibrillation-related stroke, and acute coronary syndromes. Warfarin and unfractionated heparin (UFH) have historically been the foundation of anticoagulant therapy for decades, with warfarin being essential in certain contexts due to its efficacy. Heparins are effective but limited by risks like heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and administration challenges. The introduction of DOACs marked a significant advancement in anticoagulation, offering fixed dosing, fewer drug and food interactions, and reduced need for monitoring. DOACs have become the preferred treatment for most indications, including non-valvular atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism, and post-operative thromboprophylaxis. The future of anticoagulation lies in emerging therapies like Factor XI inhibitors and RNA- targeted agents, aiming to maintain efficacy while minimizing bleeding risk.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Advanced biological therapy in colorectal cancerAlqudah, Diya Abdulmuttalib Mohd; Pórszász, Róbert; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Megyeri, Attila; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézetcolorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common diagnosed and the second deadliest malignancy among men and women combined. CRC has both strong environmental-related and genetic risk factors. CRC encompasses a very heterogeneous group of diseases caused bydifferent mutations and mutagens. Not all CRCs share similar driving mutations, making it difficult to develop molecular 'catch-all' therapies. Surgery continues to be the mainstay of treatment for early diagnosis, but it is no longer effective in advanced metastatic disease, which accounts for approximately 25% of diagnoses. Significant improvements in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer have been achieved over the past ten years. The treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer with numerous cytotoxic drugs and targeted therapies has improved median overall survival in clinical studies to more than 30 months.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Advanced Pharmacological Treatment of Atopic DermatitisHanspal, Sidak; Pórszász, Róbert; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Megyeri, Attila; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetAtopic Dermatitis (AD) is a non-infectious, chronic, recurrent, inflammatory skin disease. The cause of AD is complex and multidimensional, and the disease manifests differently in each individual. Biologics comprise monoclonal antibodies such as Dupilumab and small-molecule inhibitors such as Crisaborole. JAK inhibitors are the most promising biologics, giving us a new frontier against AD. Several nations have approved Baricitinib, Upadacitinib, and Abrocitinib, among others. Additional clinical trials are necessary to thoroughly assess the safety and durability of a treatment over the long term. This thesis talks about Atopic Dermatitis, its conventional therapy, and discusses at length novel therapies, i.e., biologics.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető ADVANCEMENT OF TREATMENT OF PSORIASISEYATU, ATIM ANITA; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmiklósi, József; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetThis paper explores how the treatment of psoriasis has advanced in the last century as the understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease is better understood.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Advances and challenges in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemiaIkegami, Norihiro; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmiklósi, József; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer, with significant improvements in treatment over the past 60 years resulting in a long-term survival rate exceeding 90% for childhood B-cell ALL. This progress is largely due to conventional chemotherapeutic agents and personalized treatment strategies. However, further enhancement of treatment outcomes is needed to increase survival rates closer to 100% while reducing adverse effects. Intensifying chemotherapy poses significant risks, necessitating innovative approaches. Advances in immunotherapy, molecular targeted therapies, and genomic sequencing herald a new era of precision medicine. This thesis explores the advances and challenges in childhood ALL treatment, focusing on immunotherapy, to provide an overview of new therapeutic agents and their potential to improve patient outcomes.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Advances in the modern treatment of chronic leukemiaLe, Tan Tai; Pórszász, Róbert; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Megyeri, Attila; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetChronic leukemia consists of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). These diseases are generally incurable without hematopoietic stem cell transplant and were previously treated with chemotherapy and immunotherapy. These older therapies have significantly less efficacy and safety than newer targeted therapies. Newer targeted therapies such as BTK inhibitors, Bcl-2 inhibitors, PI3K inhibitors, CAR T cell therapy, and TK inhibitors will be reviewed. This paper will also discuss advances in the diagnosis of these diseases and how we can use modern laboratory techniques to improve risk stratification for both CLL and CML.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Analysis of the female and male contraceptionAnek, Cynthia; Pórszász, Róbert; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmiklósi, József András; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetUnwanted pregnancies are a growing problem in the current society among the women of childbearing age but it is more prevalent among the adolescent. The burden of preventing unintended pregnancy has fallen majorly on the women. There are various forms of contraception available for both men and women in the market today and even new ones being made.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Antibiotics and Drug Induced Liver InjuryKore, Vaishnavee Umesh; Megyeri, Attila; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Szentmiklósi, József András; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetDrug-induced liver injury (DILI) is hepatotoxicity caused by therapeutic drugs or other noninfectious toxins. Antibiotics are etiologically the most common causes of DILI, so they are the main focus of this thesis. The aim of this thesis is to review the literature and identify the most important causes of drug induced liver injury (DILI), classify the clinical features of injury caused by antibiotics, and identify risk factors to raise the index of suspicion of DILI in susceptible patients. To successfully do this, the interaction between the liver and xenobiotics in general should be clear, the pathomechanism of injury must be explained, as well as the possible phenotypes that can present, as well as which drugs can be suspected in such cases. The management most commonly involves withdrawing the drug and the disease is usually self-limiting upon withdrawal.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Antihyperlipidemic drugs and their role in DM and it's complicationsAverbuch, Galit; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Szentmiklósi, József; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetAntilipidemic drugs are used to treat hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemias. They are usually used long term and often in combination. This review shows updated data on current and new antihyperlipidemic drugs. Their use strategies and clinical management of diabetes and its complications. As well as their role in their prevention.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Cardiovascular aspects of immunosuppressive drugs with a focus on biological therapyZagory, Avia; Megyeri, Attila; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Szentmiklósi, József; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetThis concise summary highlights the transformative potential of immunomodulatory strategies, focusing on the unmatched advantages of biological therapy in cardiovascular health maintenance. Biological agents, known for their targeted precision and cardiovascular safety profile, offer nuanced immunomodulation without excessive cardiovascular suppression. The preservation of cardiovascular immunological memory is a unique advantage, fostering a balanced immunosuppressive state and strengthening the host's defense against cardiovascular diseases. The thesis explores the precision, safety, and efficacy of biological agents, showcasing their transformative impact on reshaping cardiovascular health management. The targeted approach of biological therapy, exemplified by anti-TNF drugs and interleukin inhibitors, integrates cardiovascular safety with therapeutic efficacy, resulting in a notably reduced risk of adverse effects compared to traditional immunosuppressive drugs. Beyond symptom relief, the thesis accentuates the substantial potential of biological therapy in disease modification, emphasizing the preservation of cardiovascular immunological memory and precise immunomodulation as avenues to alter the natural course of cardiovascular diseases. In the context of organ transplantation, the tailored immunosuppression facilitated by biological therapy, exemplified by belatacept, anticipates improved graft survival and decreased susceptibility to infections. The broader therapeutic applications of biological therapy in cardiovascular health highlight its versatility, solidifying its role as a cornerstone in the continually evolving landscape of cardiovascular care.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Cardiovascular Effects of Common Chemotherapeutic DrugsKuan, Kai-Ling; Megyeri, Attila; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmiklósi, József; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetThis thesis highlights the growing importance of cardio-oncology due to the extended survival of cancer patients and the associated long-term cardiovascular risks of chemotherapy. It examines the cardiotoxic effects of several common chemotherapeutic agents, including anthracyclines, trastuzumab, 5-FU, cisplatin, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, each with distinct mechanisms of cardiovascular injury. Emphasis is placed on the need for early detection, risk stratification, and multidisciplinary collaboration for effective cardiac monitoring and management. Regular imaging and biomarkers are recommended for identifying subclinical heart damage. Patient education is essential to promote awareness and early reporting of symptoms. Preventive measures such as dose adjustments, cardioprotective drugs, and risk factor management should be prioritized. Gaps remain in detection tools and understanding long-term outcomes, necessitating further research. The field calls for standardized care pathways to improve oncologic outcomes and cardiovascular safety.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease drug therapyLiang, Ting Chun; Pórszász, Róbert; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Szentmiklósi, József András; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetChapter 1 provides an overview of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), covering its key aspects such as an introduction to COPD, its epidemiology and causes, the underlying pathological mechanisms, diagnostic criteria, and clinical features of the disease. Chapter 2 focuses on the general treatment of COPD. It discusses the primary groups of drugs used, which include bronchodilators such as methylxanthines, beta2 adrenergic receptor agonists , and antimuscarinic agents. The chapter also covers the use of anti-inflammatory drugs, including corticosteroids, antioxidant drugs, cytokine-targeted drugs, and signaling pathway inhibitors. Additionally, it provides detailed information on the side effects of these drugs and potential interactions between them. Chapter 3 focuses on the treatment plan based on the GOLD classification, it covers initial treatment strategies, follow-up treatment approaches, and other therapeutic considerations specific to COPD management.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Clinical application and cardiovascular adverse effects of angiogenesis inhibitorsOlih, Patricia; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmikósi, József; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetThis thesis examines the role that angiogenesis inhibitors play in certain disease conditions and their effects on the cardiovascular system. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most important proangiogenic growth factors, and inhibiting it directly or indirectly has led to the discovery of numerous treatment modalities. These include monoclonal antibodies, small molecule inhibitors, aptamers, gene therapy, and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy. They are used in the treatment of several solid tumors, melanomas, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, to name a few. These angiogenesis inhibitors work on angiogenic growth factors that are present in healthy and diseased conditions and have been noted to cause some side effects on the cardiovascular system. They decrease nitric oxide, increase endothelin-1 and cause capillary rarefaction, causing increased vascular resistance and vasoconstriction, which can lead to hypertension, left ventricular dysfunction, prolonged QT interval and thrombosis.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető COMPLEX TREATMENT OF MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDERSULE, MARIAM; PORSZASZ, ROBERT; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmiklósi, József; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetIn summary, this thesis has discussed in detail the features of Major depressive disorder and its various means of treatment. Depression is a common disease and can be deadly if left untreated. It can be easily overlooked or ignored, especially in the most vulnerable populations like the elderly and pregnant women. Treatment of MDD can be pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, or a combination of the two. In the case of treatment-resistant depression, somatic therapies like ECT, TMS or vagal nerve stimulation. Pharmacotherapy can be divided into the typical and atypical, the most widely prescribed antidepressants are SSRIs due to their relative safety and tolerability. Most antidepressant’s mechanism of action is on the serotonergic, norepinephrine, and dopaminergic systems. Psychotherapy usually used for MDD is CBT, which tackles cognitive distortions, and IPT which targets interpersonal relationships. Alternative forms of therapy such as exercise and dietary supplements like folic acid can augment pharmacotherapy use. Treatment of MDD requires selecting the right choice for the patient according to the patients’ comorbidities, preferences, and chances of adhering to treatment.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Conventional and novel trends in the treatment of major depressive disorderBunin, Tal; Porszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Megyeri, Attila; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetMajor Depressive Disorder is a common psychiatric condition, and a leading cause of disability worldwide, affecting millions of individuals across diverse age groups and socioeconomic backgrounds. Fortunately, depression is highly treatable. Pharmacotherapy, certain forms of psychotherapy, and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) all show antidepressant efficacy, leading to significantly improving patients' quality of life. However, despite the clear benefits of these treatments, many challenges and unanswered questions remain. A significant number of patients do not fully respond to available treatments. Even with aggressive treatment, up to 20% may show little or no improvement. Research into the neurobiological basis of mood disorders has made significant strides in recent decades, offering new insights into the neurochemical, neuroanatomical, and genetic factors underlying depression. This progress has opened promising new avenues for the development of more effective antidepressant treatments.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Current pharmacotherapy of hepatitis C infectionsShih, Tzu Ching; Megyeri, Attila; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmiklósi, József; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetProper analysis of the current treatment strategies available for hepatitis C, including already established antiviral therapies and emerging innovative approaches aimed at achieving better clinical outcomes. Furthermore, it will explore the global efforts in developing preventive methods, highlighting both the successes and limitations of public health initiatives aimed at reducing the transmission of HCV.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Current Pharmacotherapy of Non-Small Cell Lung CancerSrinivasan, Sankara Narayanan; Megyeri, Attila; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Szentmiklósi, József András; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a prevalent form of lung cancer and a significant cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. It constitutes approximately 80-85% of all lung cancer cases. Diagnosis of NSCLC entails imaging studies and biopsy procedures to assess the tumour's size, location, and extent. Subsequently, the disease is staged based on various criteria, including the scope of local invasion, regional lymph node involvement, and distant metastasis. Chemotherapy remains a cornerstone of NSCLC treatment, and platinum-based combination regimens are the most widely used. Targeted therapy is a rapidly developing field that exploits specific genetic alterations or protein overexpression in tumour cells as therapeutic targets, with drugs targeting EGFR, ALK, and ROS1 mutations showing efficacy in patients with these alterations. Immune checkpoint inhibitors represent a recent advance in the treatment of NSCLC. These drugs enhance the anti-tumour immune response by blocking inhibitory signals on immune cells, leading to a more robust immune response against cancer cells. The pharmacotherapy of NSCLC has undergone substantial advancement in recent years, with the introduction of targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors offering promising new avenues for treatment. However, considering the patient’s and tumour's unique characteristics, a personalised treatment approach is crucial for maximising therapeutic benefit and minimizing toxicity.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Current trends in the use of therapeutic monoclonal antibodiesVerma, Shantanu; Megyeri, Atilla; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmiklósi, József; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetMonoclonal antibodies have become a groundbreaking way to treat a wide array of diseases. Multiple diseases such as autoimmune diseases, cancer, metabolic syndrome, and infectious diseases can now be treated with monoclonal antibodies. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies are widely used to treat blood disorders, auto-immune diseases and cancer. Bi-specific and multi-specific antibodies are among the innovative platforms that have expanded the use of monoclonal antibody therapeutics, making it possible to target multiple pathways or antigens simultaneously. Engineered monoclonal antibodies that have enhanced effector functions or extended half-lives have increased the effectiveness of treatment and improved patient outcomes. Companion diagnostics, developed as part of personalized medicine, help identify patients who are most likely to benefit from monoclonal antibody therapies.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Degenerative neurological disorders and new advances in therapyKigawa, Tatsumi; Pórszász, Róbert; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Szentmiklósi, József András; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetDegenerative neurological disorders are group of diseases share common characteristics, which include progression of the disease and the risk of developing the disease increases with aging. As the average age of the populations increases worldwide the number of patients increases as well. However recently available drugs are only useful for symptom relief but they are not able to slowdown nor treat the disease. This thesis will focus on newly developed treatment options and those under research or trials. They are aimed to slow down the disease progression and in future we may able to develop the drugs that can cure the disease.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Dermatological management of allergic diseasesSeyfi, Saba; Pórszász, Róbert; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmiklósi, József András; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetAllergic skin diseases include urticarial, angioedema, contact dermatitis, and atopic dermatitis, but atopic dermatitis (AD) best represents the systemic idea of allergy. In this article, we examine the off-label and beyond-label usage of approved medications, experimental therapies in development, and interesting new targets. Recent reports of the effective use of therapies for skin allergies and prospective targets for the development of innovative treatments were looked for in MEDLINE. In addition, we searched ClinicalTrials.gov for current and recent randomized clinical studies on skin allergies. Accordingly, relevant articles were selected and reviewed. In Conclusion, innovative and superior therapies for skin allergies are urgently required. Several medicines are now in clinical trials, and other ones should be developed to exploit the numerous interesting targets recently discovered and described. Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2, the histamine4 receptor, C5a and its receptor, inhibitory mast cell receptors other than Siglec-8, interleukin 33, interleukin 25, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and stem cell factor are all possible targets for future therapies.