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Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető A Modern Pharmacological Approach to AnticoagulationGammoh, Nasser; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Megyeri, Attila; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetThis literature review examines the evolution, mechanisms, and clinical applications of anticoagulant therapies. It is focused on comparing traditional agents like warfarin and heparins with modern direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). The review first explains the coagulation cascade and its physiological regulation. The pharmacology of anticoagulant drugs is also examined to explain how these drugs target different points in the coagulation process. The paper also describes the clinical indications of anticoagulation such as the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic events like deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, atrial fibrillation-related stroke, and acute coronary syndromes. Warfarin and unfractionated heparin (UFH) have historically been the foundation of anticoagulant therapy for decades, with warfarin being essential in certain contexts due to its efficacy. Heparins are effective but limited by risks like heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and administration challenges. The introduction of DOACs marked a significant advancement in anticoagulation, offering fixed dosing, fewer drug and food interactions, and reduced need for monitoring. DOACs have become the preferred treatment for most indications, including non-valvular atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism, and post-operative thromboprophylaxis. The future of anticoagulation lies in emerging therapies like Factor XI inhibitors and RNA- targeted agents, aiming to maintain efficacy while minimizing bleeding risk.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető A Review on the Potential Pharmacological Effects of Garlic, Soursop, and Avocado: Investigating the Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Benefits in Cardiovascular Health in the Ghanaian PopulationMaison , Effie; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Szentmiklósi, József; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetThe effects of herbal medications such as garlic, avocado and soursop on cardiovascular health. Although clinically beneficial, they are limited by lack of standardisation and inappropriate dosage. Using a narrative review approach, peer-reviewed articles from databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and AJOL were analysed to assess the phytochemical profiles, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and clinical relevance of these herbs. The findings show that garlic demonstrates antihypertensive, antiplatelet, and lipid-lowering properties primarily through ACE inhibition and nitric oxide enhancement. Soursop exhibits antioxidant effects and vasodilation but concerns about acetogenin-induced neurotoxicity limit its clinical use. Avocado offers lipid modulating and anti-inflammatory benefits which are supported by both dietary studies and dataTétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Advanced biological therapy in colorectal cancerAlqudah, Diya Abdulmuttalib Mohd; Pórszász, Róbert; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Megyeri, Attila; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézetcolorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common diagnosed and the second deadliest malignancy among men and women combined. CRC has both strong environmental-related and genetic risk factors. CRC encompasses a very heterogeneous group of diseases caused bydifferent mutations and mutagens. Not all CRCs share similar driving mutations, making it difficult to develop molecular 'catch-all' therapies. Surgery continues to be the mainstay of treatment for early diagnosis, but it is no longer effective in advanced metastatic disease, which accounts for approximately 25% of diagnoses. Significant improvements in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer have been achieved over the past ten years. The treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer with numerous cytotoxic drugs and targeted therapies has improved median overall survival in clinical studies to more than 30 months.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Advanced Pharmacological Treatment of Atopic DermatitisHanspal, Sidak; Pórszász, Róbert; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Megyeri, Attila; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetAtopic Dermatitis (AD) is a non-infectious, chronic, recurrent, inflammatory skin disease. The cause of AD is complex and multidimensional, and the disease manifests differently in each individual. Biologics comprise monoclonal antibodies such as Dupilumab and small-molecule inhibitors such as Crisaborole. JAK inhibitors are the most promising biologics, giving us a new frontier against AD. Several nations have approved Baricitinib, Upadacitinib, and Abrocitinib, among others. Additional clinical trials are necessary to thoroughly assess the safety and durability of a treatment over the long term. This thesis talks about Atopic Dermatitis, its conventional therapy, and discusses at length novel therapies, i.e., biologics.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető ADVANCEMENT OF TREATMENT OF PSORIASISEYATU, ATIM ANITA; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmiklósi, József; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetThis paper explores how the treatment of psoriasis has advanced in the last century as the understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease is better understood.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Advances and challenges in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemiaIkegami, Norihiro; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmiklósi, József; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer, with significant improvements in treatment over the past 60 years resulting in a long-term survival rate exceeding 90% for childhood B-cell ALL. This progress is largely due to conventional chemotherapeutic agents and personalized treatment strategies. However, further enhancement of treatment outcomes is needed to increase survival rates closer to 100% while reducing adverse effects. Intensifying chemotherapy poses significant risks, necessitating innovative approaches. Advances in immunotherapy, molecular targeted therapies, and genomic sequencing herald a new era of precision medicine. This thesis explores the advances and challenges in childhood ALL treatment, focusing on immunotherapy, to provide an overview of new therapeutic agents and their potential to improve patient outcomes.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Advances In Biological Therapy Of Non Small Cell Lung CancerKe, MinChieh; Porszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Megyeri, Attila; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetAdvances In Biological Therapy Of Non Small Cell Lung CancerTétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Advances in the modern treatment of chronic leukemiaLe, Tan Tai; Pórszász, Róbert; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Megyeri, Attila; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetChronic leukemia consists of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). These diseases are generally incurable without hematopoietic stem cell transplant and were previously treated with chemotherapy and immunotherapy. These older therapies have significantly less efficacy and safety than newer targeted therapies. Newer targeted therapies such as BTK inhibitors, Bcl-2 inhibitors, PI3K inhibitors, CAR T cell therapy, and TK inhibitors will be reviewed. This paper will also discuss advances in the diagnosis of these diseases and how we can use modern laboratory techniques to improve risk stratification for both CLL and CML.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Analysis of the female and male contraceptionAnek, Cynthia; Pórszász, Róbert; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmiklósi, József András; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetUnwanted pregnancies are a growing problem in the current society among the women of childbearing age but it is more prevalent among the adolescent. The burden of preventing unintended pregnancy has fallen majorly on the women. There are various forms of contraception available for both men and women in the market today and even new ones being made.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Antibiotics and Drug Induced Liver InjuryKore, Vaishnavee Umesh; Megyeri, Attila; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Szentmiklósi, József András; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetDrug-induced liver injury (DILI) is hepatotoxicity caused by therapeutic drugs or other noninfectious toxins. Antibiotics are etiologically the most common causes of DILI, so they are the main focus of this thesis. The aim of this thesis is to review the literature and identify the most important causes of drug induced liver injury (DILI), classify the clinical features of injury caused by antibiotics, and identify risk factors to raise the index of suspicion of DILI in susceptible patients. To successfully do this, the interaction between the liver and xenobiotics in general should be clear, the pathomechanism of injury must be explained, as well as the possible phenotypes that can present, as well as which drugs can be suspected in such cases. The management most commonly involves withdrawing the drug and the disease is usually self-limiting upon withdrawal.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Antihyperlipidemic drugs and their role in DM and it's complicationsAverbuch, Galit; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Szentmiklósi, József; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetAntilipidemic drugs are used to treat hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemias. They are usually used long term and often in combination. This review shows updated data on current and new antihyperlipidemic drugs. Their use strategies and clinical management of diabetes and its complications. As well as their role in their prevention.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Arrhythmia Management in the 21st centuryHsieh, Jung-Ting Daniel; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Megyeri, Attila; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetA summary and revision of arrhythmia management in the latest update.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Biological Treatment Options in Ulcerative Colitis TherapyFriedman, Dar Liba; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Megyeri, Attila; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetUlcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the colon and the rectum. Numerous factors, including genetic, environmental, luminal, and mucosal immune dysregulation, have been proposed as potential contributors to the pathophysiology of this disease, which has an unclear etiology. It has been demonstrated that developed nations have a higher incidence of the disease. Advances in medicine and new innovative treatments have enabled a paradigm shift, in treatment goals from symptomatic relief to endoscopic and histological healing to achieve improved long-term outcomes and maintain remission. Over the past two decades, the options for medical therapy have expanded and today include biologics and small molecules. In addition to biological therapy, conventional therapeutic approaches are used to control the exacerbated host immune response. A protein or gene that is present in the body is employed as the "target" in biological treatments. Human cells are used to extract and isolate recombinant DNA, which is then modified. To express the desired gene product, the modified segment is introduced into a vector. TNF-alpha, Integrin receptor and JAK intracellular protein (mostly JAK1) are potential targets in UC. These proteins and cytokines are crucial in the development and progression of inflammation, thus novel biological therapies aim to target these molecules. Additionally, non-biological pharmacological treatments for UC may encompass the use of different drug classes such as, glucocorticoids, aminosalicylates, and immunomodulators.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Cardio-Protection and Heart Repair:-New Targets and DrugsSaeed, Youmna; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmiklósi, József; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetCoronary artery disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, needing innovative strategies for cardiac protection and repair. This thesis explores the fundamental principles of cardio-protection, distinguishing between acute and chronic mechanisms, and explains in detail the process of ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury process as a target of therapeutic interventions. The molecular process of I/R injury is discussed, which consists of key processes like oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and calcium overload. Classical and emerging cardio-protective strategies which include ischaemic preconditioning, post-conditioning and remote conditioning, as well as targeted pharmaceutical therapies which are critically examined, include molecular targets like hypoxia-inducible factor-1, microRNAs and sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT-2) inhibitors. In addition, the role of existing drugs and their role as cardioprotective agents, like metformin, colchicine and cyclosporine A. Moreover, the innovation of antibody-based therapies, cell-based angiogenesis for cardiac repair with the application of biomarkers specific for cardiac repair monitoring. This paper highlights the interplay between molecular biology, pharmacology and the clinical application of targeted therapy aimed at reducing myocardial injury and promoting cardiac regeneration.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Cardiovascular aspects of immunosuppressive drugs with a focus on biological therapyZagory, Avia; Megyeri, Attila; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Szentmiklósi, József; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetThis concise summary highlights the transformative potential of immunomodulatory strategies, focusing on the unmatched advantages of biological therapy in cardiovascular health maintenance. Biological agents, known for their targeted precision and cardiovascular safety profile, offer nuanced immunomodulation without excessive cardiovascular suppression. The preservation of cardiovascular immunological memory is a unique advantage, fostering a balanced immunosuppressive state and strengthening the host's defense against cardiovascular diseases. The thesis explores the precision, safety, and efficacy of biological agents, showcasing their transformative impact on reshaping cardiovascular health management. The targeted approach of biological therapy, exemplified by anti-TNF drugs and interleukin inhibitors, integrates cardiovascular safety with therapeutic efficacy, resulting in a notably reduced risk of adverse effects compared to traditional immunosuppressive drugs. Beyond symptom relief, the thesis accentuates the substantial potential of biological therapy in disease modification, emphasizing the preservation of cardiovascular immunological memory and precise immunomodulation as avenues to alter the natural course of cardiovascular diseases. In the context of organ transplantation, the tailored immunosuppression facilitated by biological therapy, exemplified by belatacept, anticipates improved graft survival and decreased susceptibility to infections. The broader therapeutic applications of biological therapy in cardiovascular health highlight its versatility, solidifying its role as a cornerstone in the continually evolving landscape of cardiovascular care.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Cardiovascular Effects of Common Chemotherapeutic DrugsKuan, Kai-Ling; Megyeri, Attila; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmiklósi, József; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetThis thesis highlights the growing importance of cardio-oncology due to the extended survival of cancer patients and the associated long-term cardiovascular risks of chemotherapy. It examines the cardiotoxic effects of several common chemotherapeutic agents, including anthracyclines, trastuzumab, 5-FU, cisplatin, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, each with distinct mechanisms of cardiovascular injury. Emphasis is placed on the need for early detection, risk stratification, and multidisciplinary collaboration for effective cardiac monitoring and management. Regular imaging and biomarkers are recommended for identifying subclinical heart damage. Patient education is essential to promote awareness and early reporting of symptoms. Preventive measures such as dose adjustments, cardioprotective drugs, and risk factor management should be prioritized. Gaps remain in detection tools and understanding long-term outcomes, necessitating further research. The field calls for standardized care pathways to improve oncologic outcomes and cardiovascular safety.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease drug therapyLiang, Ting Chun; Pórszász, Róbert; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Szentmiklósi, József András; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Debreceni Egyetem::Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetChapter 1 provides an overview of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), covering its key aspects such as an introduction to COPD, its epidemiology and causes, the underlying pathological mechanisms, diagnostic criteria, and clinical features of the disease. Chapter 2 focuses on the general treatment of COPD. It discusses the primary groups of drugs used, which include bronchodilators such as methylxanthines, beta2 adrenergic receptor agonists , and antimuscarinic agents. The chapter also covers the use of anti-inflammatory drugs, including corticosteroids, antioxidant drugs, cytokine-targeted drugs, and signaling pathway inhibitors. Additionally, it provides detailed information on the side effects of these drugs and potential interactions between them. Chapter 3 focuses on the treatment plan based on the GOLD classification, it covers initial treatment strategies, follow-up treatment approaches, and other therapeutic considerations specific to COPD management.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Clinical application and cardiovascular adverse effects of angiogenesis inhibitorsOlih, Patricia; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmikósi, József; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetThis thesis examines the role that angiogenesis inhibitors play in certain disease conditions and their effects on the cardiovascular system. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most important proangiogenic growth factors, and inhibiting it directly or indirectly has led to the discovery of numerous treatment modalities. These include monoclonal antibodies, small molecule inhibitors, aptamers, gene therapy, and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy. They are used in the treatment of several solid tumors, melanomas, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, to name a few. These angiogenesis inhibitors work on angiogenic growth factors that are present in healthy and diseased conditions and have been noted to cause some side effects on the cardiovascular system. They decrease nitric oxide, increase endothelin-1 and cause capillary rarefaction, causing increased vascular resistance and vasoconstriction, which can lead to hypertension, left ventricular dysfunction, prolonged QT interval and thrombosis.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Comparative efficacy of statins and non-statin treatment of hyperlipidemiaKim, Yu Rim; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmiklósi, József; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetHyperlipidemia, particularly elevated LDL-C, is a key modifiable driver of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, making lipid-lowering therapy central to prevention. Statins remain the first-line treatment, backed by strong evidence of LDL-C reduction and decreased cardiovascular morbidity, but many patients either fail to achieve guideline targets or cannot tolerate them. This thesis compares statin monotherapy, statin-plus-non-statin combinations, and non-statin monotherapy, evaluating agents such as ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, bempedoic acid, and inclisiran. Evidence shows that PCSK9 inhibitors and inclisiran achieve the largest LDL-C reductions when added to statins, while ezetimibe and bempedoic acid provide moderate but meaningful benefits, and non-statins alone serve as important alternatives for statin-intolerant patients. The analysis concludes that personalized, risk-based strategies balancing efficacy, safety, cost, and adherence are essential to optimize lipid management and reduce long-term cardiovascular risk.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető COMPLEX TREATMENT OF MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDERSULE, MARIAM; PORSZASZ, ROBERT; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmiklósi, József; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetIn summary, this thesis has discussed in detail the features of Major depressive disorder and its various means of treatment. Depression is a common disease and can be deadly if left untreated. It can be easily overlooked or ignored, especially in the most vulnerable populations like the elderly and pregnant women. Treatment of MDD can be pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, or a combination of the two. In the case of treatment-resistant depression, somatic therapies like ECT, TMS or vagal nerve stimulation. Pharmacotherapy can be divided into the typical and atypical, the most widely prescribed antidepressants are SSRIs due to their relative safety and tolerability. Most antidepressant’s mechanism of action is on the serotonergic, norepinephrine, and dopaminergic systems. Psychotherapy usually used for MDD is CBT, which tackles cognitive distortions, and IPT which targets interpersonal relationships. Alternative forms of therapy such as exercise and dietary supplements like folic acid can augment pharmacotherapy use. Treatment of MDD requires selecting the right choice for the patient according to the patients’ comorbidities, preferences, and chances of adhering to treatment.