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Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Examining the Correlation Between Speed and Change of Direction Running Speed (CODS) in Football(2025-12-27) Horváth, Tamás; Müller, Anetta; Karap, Bálint; Bíró, MelindaThe correlation between speed and change-of-direction running speed (CODS) remains unclear, as indicated by the results of previous research. One reason may be that researchers have used different tests to investigate the speed of running with a change of direction (CODS), where the number of direction changes, the angle, the total length of the running test, and the time required to complete the test vary. The researchers agree that agility is not the same as straight-line running speed, but suggest that further studies are needed to determine the relationship. Regarding the relationship between speed and agility, the results showed a consistent trend that faster players tend to perform better on the agility test. Still, we could only statistically confirm this at 20 and 30 metres. Only for the agility test in the right direction was there a significant correlation between 20 and 30 meters alone. Our results indicate that both agility and and CODS require different developmental stages.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető High Performance Management (HPM) a Sportban a Nemzetközi és Magyar Szakirodalomban(2025-12-27) Gyerman, Istvan; Laczkó, TamásHigh Performance Management (HPM) in sport is an integrated set of tools and approaches that aim to optimize the performance of athletes, sports organizations and sports disciplines at a multidimensional level (macro, meso, micro). The works of international literature – for example, Sotiridau - De Bosscher (2013), O’Boyle (2015), Molan et al. (2019) and Turner et al. (2019) – offer readers and researchers holistic models that integrate economic, psychological and human development factors into the HPM system. In contrast, the Hungarian literature (András, 2014; Géczi, 2012; Győri 2020) focuses primarily on economic, legal and organizational frameworks, highlighting the decisive role of domestic sports financing and institutional structures. The comparison of the two trends and the evaluation of the literature clearly highlights the fact that in Hungary the HPM system is fragmented and in most cases implemented in an ad hoc manner, while at the international level comprehensive, people-oriented and metrics-based models dominate. According to the conclusion of my research, the development of HPM in Hungarian sport requires the adaptation and acceptance of holistic approaches, the provision of sufficient personnel, the unification of performance indicators and the integration of the long-term well-being of athletes into the management processes of sports organizations and associations.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Differences Between Standard and Sport-Specific Countermovement Jumps in High-Performance U18 Male Water Polo Players: A Cross-Sectional Study(2025-12-27) Băltean, Alexandru Ioan; de Hillerin, Pierre Joseph; Geantă, Vlad AdrianIntroduction: Vertical jump capacity is essential for evaluating lower-limb performance in water polo, especially under dryland testing conditions. While power or force is often implied, jumping height remains the primary measurable outcome in these protocols. Aim: This study aimed to compare vertical jump performance in U18 male water polo players using two jump types: the standard Counter-movement Jump (CMJ) and a modified "Frog Style" CMJ (CMJ-Frog), hypothesizing that the latter better reflects sport-specific lower-limb mechanics. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional, within-subjects design was employed on a sample of 39 male water polo players from the Under-18 category (mean height: 183.02 ± 5.43 cm; mean weight: 75.20 ± 10.41 kg). Each athlete performed three maximal trials of two jump protocols: the standard Counter-movement Jump (CMJ) and the modified sport-specific CMJ-Frog. Jump height was measured using the OptoJump Next system. Data analysis comprised descriptive statistics and normality assessment using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Inferential statistics were conducted via paired-samples t-tests to compare protocols within subjects, with effect sizes calculated using Cohen's d. Results: CMJ-Frog jumps yielded significantly higher values (37.43 ± 4.59 cm) than standard CMJs (34.17 ± 4.49 cm), t (38) = -7.46, p < .001, with a large effect size (d = 1.19). Conclusions: The CMJ-Frog style may serve as a more functionally relevant assessment for evaluating vertical jump capacity in Under-18 male water polo players, as it better reflects the mechanics of aquatic elevation during gameplay. It may offer a more specific alternative for performance testing and monitoring in aquatic athletes. Future studies should validate the CMJ-Frog protocol in senior players and investigate its relationship with in-water performance metrics.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Antagonist Muscle Activation During Isometric Elbow Flexion at Varied Joint Angles: A Comparative Neuromuscular Analysis Between Volleyball Players and Sedentary Adults(2025-12-27) Roy, Dipika; Pal, Manisha; Chatterjee, Priyam; Bandyopadhyay, AnupamNeuromuscular coordination enhances athletic performance and prevents injuries. Antagonist muscle activation during isometric movements, such as elbow flexion, is crucial for joint stability and efficiency. Volleyball-specific training may lead to distinct neuromuscular adaptations that differ from those of sedentary individuals. This study aims to investigate differences in antagonist activation patterns during isometric elbow flexion between volleyball players and sedentary adults, with a focus on neuromuscular control and the effects of co-contraction. Twenty-eight males (14 volleyball players and 14 sedentary individuals; ages 18–25) participated in the study. Surface electromyography (EMG) recorded biceps and triceps activity at 45°, 90°, and 120° elbow angles. Muscle activity, co-contraction indices (CCI), and perceived exertion (RPE) were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics and two-way repeated measures Analysis of Variance. Bonferroni corrections assessed angle-specific effects. Significance levels (α) were set to 0.05 for all analyses. Athletes exhibited significantly higher biceps activation (mean EMG max = 0.63 vs. 0.48) and lower triceps activation (mean EMG max = 0.25 vs. 0.35, p < 0.001). Co-contraction (CCI) was lower among athletes (mean = 0.55 vs. 0.89). RPE scores were consistently lower in athletes (mean = 12.8 ± 1.6) compared to non-athletes (15.7 ± 1.5), indicating superior neuromuscular efficiency. Volleyball players demonstrated enhanced neuromuscular control, as evidenced by higher agonist activation, reduced antagonist activation, and lower co-contraction. The enhanced neuromuscular adaptations of volleyball players, likely resulting from consistent training, suggest improved movement mechanics and a reduced risk of injury. Future longitudinal studies are advised to explore causality and sport-specific neuromuscular changes.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Graph-Based Quantification of Basketball Spacing Using Spatial and Network Metrics(2025-12-27) Tsiakalos, Apostolos; Tsiakalos, AnastasiosIn modern basketball, effective player spacing is critical for optimizing offensive efficiency and shot quality. This paper proposes a novel approach to quantifying spacing using graph theory. Each player is represented as a node, and the pairwise Euclidean distances between them form the weighted edges of a complete graph. We compute several spatial and structural metrics, including total spacing, convex hull area, minimum spanning tree weight, and centrality measures. Our method allows for a frame-by-frame quantitative analysis of spacing, revealing key patterns associated with successful possessions. Results demonstrate that certain geometric and network-derived properties are strong indicators of tactical efficiency.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető THE EFFECT OF ROUTINE DYNAMIC WARM-UP MODIFICATION ON SPEED, AGILITY, AND MUSCLE ENDURANCE IN AMATEUR FEMALE FOOTBALL ATHLETES(2024-07-24) Arfiansyah, Eggy Nur; Putri, Rintania RahmaFootball prioritizes physical aspects such as speed, agility, strength, flexibility, and muscle endurance. With women's growing interest in football in Indonesia, it is becoming increasingly clear that an excellent physical condition is necessary. Therefore, good physical condition will also impact the risk of injury and, most importantly, performance on the field. Thus, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Dynamic Warm-Up modification for six weeks on several physical performances, such as (running, change of direction speed, and muscle endurance) in female amateur soccer players. This prospective study involved a modified routine dynamic warm-up program intervention, three times a week warming up before the training session with details of the intervention implementation time, namely 18 times, excluding the initial and final tests. At the start, the players demonstrated dexterity and tests of speed, agility, and muscle endurance, and the test was carried out again at the end of the program intervention. The results show that the significance value of the 30 m Sprint test is 0.083 > 0.05, meaning there is no program influence on the speed component. Furthermore, the significance value of the Illinois Agility test is 1,000 > 0.05, meaning the program does not influence the agility component. Then, the significance value of the wall sit test is 0.083 > 0.05, meaning that the program does not influence the agility component. This study concluded that modifying the dynamic warm-up routine could not improve physical performance, namely speed, agility, and muscle endurance in female soccer players .Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető NEUROFEEDBACK TRÉNING ALKALMAZÁSA UTÁNPÓTLÁSKORÚ VÍVÓKNÁL(2024-07-24) Torma, Eszter Panna; Balogh, LászlóDuring our research, we applied neurofeedback training to youth fencers. We investigated the effects of the six-week intervention program on the mental toughness, stress tolerance and executive functions of teenage epee fencers. We used the validated Muse 2 EEG-based Teamflow system, the Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire, Electrogastrographic Stress Holter (MDE Heidelberg, MSB MET Balatonfüred) and the internationally recognized stress test of the Vienna Test System (Schufried, Vienna). The practical benefit of neurofeedback training can be seen in its application as a complementary method, as this innovative protocol can help enhance the performance of the athlete. However, the international literature is not clear about the effect of neurofeedback training In conclusion, the improvements can be observed in mental toughness and psycho-physiological indicators, but negative changes can also be observed in several parameters in both subjects. Various other psycho-physiological factors need to be taken into account, since our pilot study included two participants.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető THE PREVALENCE OF THE FEMALE ATHLETE TRIAD COMPONENTS AND RISK FACTORS IN ATHLETES AND DANCERS(2024-07-24) Arroyo, Julia Pearl M.Purpose: The female athlete triad is a condition of low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density common to dancers and weight-class sports athletes. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of the female athlete triad components and risk factors. The components and risk factors were discussed in light of the sources of nutritional information and factors that affected the daily dietary intake of female athletes and dancers. Materials and Methods: Fifty-four (54) female athletes and dancers (18.96 ± 3.49 years old) answered a survey questionnaire about years of formal dance or sports training, sources of nutritional information, factors that affected their daily food choices; menstrual history, and injury history. Energy availability was estimated using the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q; MELIN, et. al., 2014). Results and Conclusion: Twenty-one participants (38.90 %) had a risk of low energy availability, while 28 participants (51.90 %) had menstrual dysfunction. Twenty participants (37%) had a history of musculoskeletal injuries. The mean body mass index was 20.46 ± 4.08 and the mean percent body fat was 18.19 ± 5.73%. The primary sources of nutritional information were coaches, peers, and magazines. Personal preference, convenience, and parents were the main factors that affected daily food choices. The prevalence of the Female Athlete Triad components and risk factors was relatively high. The presence of the components and risk - factors should alarm coaches, trainers, and parents for further tests and proper intervention measures.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF ANCHOTE (COCCINIA ABYSSINICA (LAM.)) AND EFFECT OF EXTRACT VIA AEROBIC EXERCISE ON ENDURANCE PERFORMANCE(2024-07-24) Olkaba, Getahun Hambisa; Ayalew, AbnetMany aspects affect sports performance, and nutrition may be one of the most important. The study aimed to examine the phytochemical composition and assess the impact of supplementing Anchote (Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.)) with aerobic exercise on the endurance performance of the Mattu Kenema male football club. Eighteen players from the Mattu Kenema football team were chosen based on an experimental research methodology. The selected athletes were divided into three groups at random: the supplement group (SG = 6), the aerobic exercise group (AG = 6), and the supplement with the aerobic exercise group (SAG = 6). Every day, members of the SG group took an Anchote (Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.)) supplement, while AE spent 45–60 minutes exercising aerobically. SAG took both interventions for 12 weeks. Pre-tests and post-tests were conducted on all parameters, such as the 12-minute run test and push-up. The phytochemical screening result of Anchote (Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.)) extract showed the presence of various secondary metabolites such as phenol, flavonoid, tannin, glycoside, steroid, and terpenoids. The proximate composition of this extract indicates the higher content of carbohydrates (69%) and the lower fat value (2.1%). Based on the study, 12 weeks of Achote (Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.)) consumption combined with aerobic exercise was thus shown to improve players' fitness levels at Mattu Kenema male football club. Based on the findings, Anchote (Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.)) supplement associated with aerobic exercise would enhance endurance performance due to the extract's secondary metabolites such as flavonoid, tannin, and phenol.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető APPLICATION OF NEUROFEEDBACK DEVICES IN COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT AND TRACKING LEARNING PATTERNS IN SPORTS(2025-07-01) Nagy, Gergely; Csukonyi, CsillaWe examined the current research and studies regarding the neurofeedback trainings, including neurofeedback protocols and available technologies and devices. The results show that neurofeedback training can enhance effectively the cognitive abilities of athletes such as, attention, concentration, reaction time, stress tolerance, and mental toughness. The results may provide helpful information for practitioner specialists and researchers in the applied field.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető ELTÉRŐ FEJLŐDÉSI ÜTEMET MUTATÓ NAGYCSOPORTOS ÓVODÁSOK FELMÉRÉSI ÉRTÉKEINEK ELOSZLÁSA(2025-07-01) Cordier, Bálint; Kulcsár, György; H. Ekler, JuditIn the past two decades, a strong negative trend can be observed in the development of the abilities of preschool children. Fewer and fewer children meet the criteria for school readiness by the age of six. Children with high levels of neurological immaturity do not even start school but are already lagging. The developmental deficit of partial skills is so significant that specific learning difficulties can be predicted as early as the end of kindergarten age. Although this large backlog can be made up, extra effort must be made on the part of both parents and teachers. With our research, we sought to answer whether the performance of preschool-age children, which deteriorates year by year, covers all partial abilities or if areas with a particularly negative trend can be identified. The most obvious tool for checking children's neurological maturity is the measurement of motor and sensorimotor functions. Based on the measurement results of 58 large groups of kindergarten children (6 ± 1 years) with different developmental rates, we examined the values of the skills that need development and predicted the occurrence of learning difficulties in the examined sample. In the sensory and sensorimotor functions group (18 tests), 40 of the 58 children examined need to develop their gestalt vision. During the elementary movements (12 tests) examination, walking on the outer sole appeared to be an area for improvement in 39 out of 58 children. Among the examined areas of body perception (6 tests), the values of the sense of balance and the cross-schemes were the highest, with 31 points. The specialty of fine motor skills and hand use (3 tests) is that all test segments received a value above 30 points.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A 2023. ÉVI WKF KARATE VILÁGBAJNOKSÁG NÉZŐINEK FOGYASZTÁSI SZOKÁSAI ÉS A NEMZETGAZDASÁGI HATÁSOK VIZSGÁLATA(2024-12-29) Bátor, Gábor László; Laczkó, Tamás; Szabó, PéterSporting event tourism is a rapidly expanding segment of sports tourism (DREYER, 2002; WEED, 2006; BÁNHIDI, 2015; BORBÉLY-MÜLLER, 2015; LAFLIN, 2018). Alongside the growing number of events, domestic and international spectators have also increased significantly (LAFLIN 2018, LACZKÓ-STOCKER, 2020). Hungary hosted the Karate World Championship for the first time in karate history. This study aimed to analyze the consumption habits of domestic and international spectators attending the event. A questionnaire survey of 806 visitors was conducted, and the data was analyzed using SPSS. Economic impacts were assessed using input-output analysis based on the Sectoral Balance of Relations. Results indicated that the event's tourism appeal was primarily local and regional, with 78.7% of domestic respondents traveling less than 50 km. Domestic spectators attended an average of 2.76 competition days during the six-day event, while international visitors spent 4.42 nights in Hungary. The average total expenditures were HUF 43,075.26 for domestic spectators and HUF 471,741 for international spectators. The event contributed HUF 1.55 billion to Hungary's GDP. The World Championship reinforced Hungary's status in sports tourism, showcasing the economic and social benefits of hosting international events. Positive feedback from spectators affirmed the successful organization and highlighted the continued viability of such events in Hungary.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető JÁTÉKOSJOGOK VAGYONI SZEREPE HAZAI ÉS KÜLFÖLDI FUTBALLKLUBOK BESZÁMOLÓI ALAPJÁN(2025-07-01) Nagy, Norbert; Bács, ZoltánSport – and particularly football – has evolved into a strategically significant sector of the global economy. Professional football today is no longer merely a form of entertainment but a complex business model with substantial value-creation potential. The volume of capital flowing into sports continues to grow, as reflected in increasing transfer market activity, rising transfer fees, and the expanding financial scope of clubs. In parallel, the strategic importance of the player market has intensified: player registration rights have become one of the most important intangible assets football clubs hold. As such, these rights' accounting recognition and valuation is not merely a technical issue but a central element of sport-related financial planning and strategic management. The rise in transfer fees directly affects clubs' asset structure and long-term financial strategies. This study conducts a comparative analysis of the financial statements of three European football clubs – Borussia Dortmund, Juventus FC, and FTC Labdarúgó Zrt.– from 2020 to 2024. The objective is to examine the development of the value, proportion, and role of player rights in the clubs' asset structures and to assess how these changes can be interpreted within the broader context of sports strategy and capital market dynamics. The research focuses on identifying whether there is a correlation between the increasing capital inflow into the football industry and the rising asset value of player rights, how these intangible assets are proportionally represented within total assets, and what trends can be observed across the clubs' financial positions.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A SPORT MENTÁLIS KEMÉNYSÉG ÖSSZEHASONLÍTÓ ELEMZÉSE NEMZETKÖZI ÉS MAGYAR KOSÁRLABDÁZÓKNÁL(2025-11-24) Németh, Kata; Rátgéber, László; Bács, Zalán; Balogh, LászlóIn our research, we compared the mental results of Hungarian basketball players to international averages. We examined the degree of mental toughness of the athletes who filled out the SMTQ questionnaire, whether they are motivated to achieve success, and whether they maintain their self-confidence (even despite occasional failures). Our goal was to indicate Hungarian athletes' mental strengths and weaknesses, thus helping the athletes' preparation. The aggregate mental toughness scores indicated that Hungarian basketball players are above the international average. Still, in terms of control, it is below average in certain age groups. The adult age group (over 18 years of age) is recommended to develop autonomy and responsibility and maintain self-control. It is necessary to improve the influence of their behavior, emotions, and self-regulation. Confidence scores assume that respondents believe in themselves and their successes. They have a positive attitude and a failure-averse attitude. Endurance results will likely be goal-oriented athletes who do not give up and can maintain their motivation.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) IN SUPPORTING THE PERSONALIZED DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS AND THE POSSIBILITIES OF ITS APPLICATION IN EDUCATION(2025-07-01) Karap, Bálint; Müller, Anetta; Horváth, Tamás; Biró, MelindaArtificial Intelligence (AI)-based systems are constantly expanding, so it is not surprising that it has now reached the field of education. From the teachers' perspective, they saw potential in supporting teaching, while from the students' perspective, they saw potential in helping learning. In our research, we tested two hypotheses. First, how important do the teachers surveyed consider the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in supporting the personalized development of students, and how much potential do they see in the application of AI in education? We used a questionnaire method in the research. Three hundred seventy-four teachers participated in the study (N=374). 67.37 percent of the sample were PE (Physical Education) teachers, and 32.62 percent were SEN (Special Educational Needs) teachers. The results showed that special education teachers generally consider AI more essential than physical education teachers and support personalized development and practical and theoretical curricula. The differences are statistically significant, supported by low p-values (<0.05) and high t-values. The results may indicate that SEN teachers are more aware of the possibilities of using AI in education, especially in adapting it to students' individual needs. In contrast, physical education teachers are less optimistic and homogeneous in this regard.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető PERCEPTION OF GENDER DIFFERENCES IN COMBAT SPORTS(2025-07-01) Kerékgyártó, Csenge Noémi; Kovács, Karolina Eszter; Papp, DávidFor a long time, relatively few studies have investigated sports from a gender perspective. Male dominance was prevalent until the 1960s. By the 1960s, women had already been present in sports, where male dominance and their achievements were unquestionable. At the same time, most research has been prompted to take a more critical view, condemning women's sports as inferior. The most typical reason for excluding women from sports is that they are less physically capable than men. Female athletes may have suffered injuries that make them unable to perform various social tasks. These social tasks may include aesthetic appearance, childbirth, and proper household care. Metheny explored these ideologies, theories, and articles in her work 'Connotations of the Sport and Dance Movements,' published in 1965. The researcher attempted to divide sports into three gender categories. Several Hungarian studies have recently been carried out regarding sports and gender perception. This research investigates the perception of gender-related issues in combat sport athletes. What is considered a distinctly masculine sport, and how does gender determine this?Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető THE EDUCATIONAL ROLE OF SCHOOL IN SPORT DEVELOPMENT AND HEALTH PROMOTION IN SUBURBAN AREAS - CASE STUDY(2024-12-29) Szabó, Sándor; Szabó, Nándor ZsoltThis study investigates the sports preferences and participation levels among young residents of Soroksár, a district on the outskirts of Budapest, Hungary. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, data was collected through a questionnaire survey conducted in autumn 2023. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the significance of factors influencing sports participation. The results indicate that local infrastructure and accessibility significantly impact sports engagement among youth, with preferences leaning towards sports readily available in the community. Notably, early initiation of sports participation positively correlated with academic achievement, emphasizing the importance of holistic development through sports. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive infrastructural development to support mass sports participation and promote healthy lifestyles. Local policymakers are urged to prioritize investments in sports facilities and opportunities, recognizing the multifaceted benefits of sustained sports engagement beyond elite-level support. This study provides insights into sports participation in Soroksár and calls for further research to inform evidence-based interventions promoting physical activity and intellectual development among youth.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető YOUTH SPORT SPECIALIZATION AND PARENTAL INFLUENCE: A TWO-CITY SURVEY FROM HUNGARY(2025-07-01) Nagy, Ágoston; Nagy, Ágoston Botond; Nagy, Ágost Benedek; Borbély, SzilviaThis study explores the role of parental influence in youth sport selection, motivation, and specialization. Parents of young athletes from two Hungarian county seats were surveyed to identify regional differences. Results indicate that parental influence is generally moderate or low but stronger in families with higher financial investment. Specialization increases in adolescence, while younger participants are more likely to try multiple sports. There is a discrepancy between participants and their parents ’ competitive aspirations: participants more often aim for the professional level than parents expect. The findings contribute to developing youth sports talent management and parental education in Hungary.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető CORRELATIONS BETWEEN THE PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHER’S TEACHING STYLE AND THE PERCEPTIBLE MOTIVATIONAL LEVEL OF THE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT(2024-12-29) Lappints, Regős; H. Ekler, JuditThe goals of physical education teaching today go beyond achieving psychomotor activity in the classroom. The most crucial objective of the subject is to develop the child's need for physical activity both in the classroom and outside the school environment. To achieve this, physical activity motivation must become intrinsic, which physical education teachers can help achieve by using teaching styles and methods that promote autonomy and ensure that each pupil has the opportunity to develop. In our research, based on the answers to the questionnaire validated by the Hungarian Student Sports Federation, we selected physical education teachers with a predominantly student-centered or predominantly teacher-centered teaching style. We asked a sample of physical education teachers about their attitudes and sporting habits toward physical education lessons using a PMCSQ-2 questionnaire. The results confirmed the motivational effects of student-centered teaching styles.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető TEHETSÉG AZONOSÍTÓ, KOMPLEX TELJESÍTMÉNYDIAGNOSZTIKAI PROTOKOLL A KOSÁRLABDÁZÁSBAN(2025-12-03) Balogh, László; Rátgéber, László; Nagy, DóraIf we want to gain a competitive advantage over our domestic and international competitors in continuous competition, the first task is to filter and select the sport or the given sport correctly. Later based on the current results of sports science, it is necessary to consistently, consciously, complete the complex, time-consuming process of talent management. Selection process requires a lot of patience and perseverance. The aim of talent identification is to select children in sports with specific skills that can be systematically transformed into practice.. It is necessary to measure complex, sport-specific components of performance. Researchers in a meta-analysis of talent identification protocols in team sports found that physical parameters such as height, body weight, body composition, and physiological capacities such as aerobic capacity, anaerobic strength, strength, coordination, and agility play a role. On the other hand, the quality of specific psychological-mental skills is also critical in identifying talents.