Theses (ÁJK)
Állandó link (URI) ehhez a gyűjteményhez
Theses collection of the Faculty of Law. The collection was started in 2015.
At the University of Debrecen, in accordance with the 2022 amendment to the 2011 Higher Education Act, student theses are only accessible from devices connected to the University's Eduroam WiFi network or from a university IP address.
“The thesis or diploma work of a student who has successfully passed the final examination shall be stored in full in the academic system of the higher education institution, and a record shall be maintained thereof. The stored theses and diploma works – with the exception of parts classified as confidential in accordance with the relevant legislation – must be made accessible and searchable without restriction through the academic system.” Further info on the National Higher Education Act in Hungarian: Felsőokt. tv. (új) - 2011. évi CCIV. törvény a nemzeti felsőoktatásról - Hatályos Jogszabályok Gyűjteménye.
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Megjelenítve 1 - 20 (Összesen 157)
Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Fenntarthatósági kritériumok megjelenése a hibás teljesítés következményeibenBoros, Dominik; Hajnal, Zsolt; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarAz európai uniós jogalkotó hosszú évek után célkitűzései közé vette a fenntartható fejlődés elérését, amiben nagy szerepe volt a 2019-es Green Dealnek (Zöld Megállapodásnak). A Green Deal egy aktív jogalkotási folyamatot indított el az Európai Unión belül és számos belső piaci eszközt, jelen esetben a fogyasztóvédelmi jogot is érintette. A fogyasztóvédelmi jog jogintézményei közül a legnagyobb változáson a hibás teljesítésben figyelhetőek meg. Egyrészt a javításhoz való jog egyik legnagyobb (r2r) célja, hogy a fogyasztó már a szerződéses felelősség keretein belül is a legzöldebb megoldásokat válassza. Illetve, a tisztességtelen kereskedelmi gyakorlatok szabályozása során nagy hangsúlyt kapott a szerződésszerűség kérdése is, hiszen a vállalkozásoknak kötelezettségük a fogyasztókat tájékoztatni, hogyha a termék élettartamát korlátozták, vagy éppen azt bizonyítani, hogy a termék milyen zöld tulajdonságokkal rendelkezik. Összességeben egy nagyon ambiciózus célt tűzött ki maga elé az európai uniós jogalkotó, azonban a megvalósítás hagy maga után némi kívánnivalót, illetve kritikát.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Munkaidő a nemzetközi közúti fuvarozásbanSzékely, Ádám Richárd; Nádas, György; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarA diplomamunka célja a közúti áruszállításban dolgozó gépjárművezetők – közismert, és dolgozatom további részeiben is gyakran használt megnevezésükkel; „kamionsofőrök” – munka és pihenőidejére vonatkozó szabályok, és gyakorlati alkalmazásuk ismertetése. Ennek érdekében bemutatni kívánom a járművezetők sajátos helyzetét, munkájuk különleges jellemzőit, amely jellemzők hatással vannak a munkaidő egyedi szabályozására, és amelyek együttesen szükségessé teszik, hogy a munkavállalók speciális csoportjaként széleskörű, nemzeti, Európai Uniós és nemzetközi jogi normarendszer bástyázza körül működésüket. A globális ellátási láncok összekapcsoltsága miatt a szállítmányozás minősége és megbízhatósága alapvetően meghatározza az ipari szereplők sikerességét és versenyképességét. Napjainkban, amikor az ellátásilánc-menedzsmentben felértékelődnek olyan nem hagyományos kiválasztási módszerek mint a rugalmasság a közúti áruszállítás előnyt élvez a vasúti, vagy a vízi szállítmányozáshoz képest. Az ágazat szabályozása azonban nem csupán gazdasági kérdés, hanem szociális és közlekedésbiztonsági kihívásokat is magában foglal. Fentiekben bemutatásra került a nemzetközi közúti áruszállításban dolgozó járművezetőket érintő sajátos munkaidő: a vezetési és pihenési idő. Dolgozatom két részre tagolódott: az első felében igyekeztem bemutatni a vezetési és pihenési időt meghatározó ágazati gyakorlatokat, a munkaidő megfelelő beosztását különös tekintettel a munkaidőkeret alkalmazására. A kollektív munkajogi tényezők, elsősorban a kollektív szerződés jelentőségének bemutatását követően a harmadik meghatározó tényező, a kiküldetés és az alapjául szolgáló Mobilitási Csomag vizsgálata történt meg. A dolgozat második felében a rendkívül szerteágazó nemzetközi jogi, EU jogi, és hazai szabályozást vázoltam fel. Ténylegesen vázlatról van szó, noha nagy terjedelmű „száraz” joganyag került bemutatásra, az ágazatban ezek csak a legfontosabb szabályok. Fentiek alapján megállapítható, hogy rendkívül komplex jogi szabályozási területről van szó, a legkülönfélébb jogági hatásokkal és nemzetközi szabályozási trendekkel. Úgy vélem, az egységesítésre való törekvés, az ágazat technológiai fejlődésnek való kitettsége, valamint a globális ellátóláncok jelentőségének növekedése újabb és újabb kihívásokat állít majd a jogalkotók és a jogalkalmazók elé, ezért a terület további kutatásában nagy távlatok nyílnak a jövőben is.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető The importance of international tax information exchange in preventing VAT frauddr. Barczi , Elisabeth; Bartha, Ildikó; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarIn my thesis, I wanted to provide a relatively brief but comprehensive picture of how international tax information exchange contributes to the prevention of tax fraud. The main benefit of automatic exchange of information is that tax authorities receive useful information that helps them fight cross-border tax fraud, tax evasion and tax avoidance. Another advantage of automatic exchange of information is that it has a deterrent effect on taxpayers, encouraging them to fulfill their tax obligations even more carefully. In general, the key issue when using data will be that the data received is reliable and can be used automatically, without further human intervention. In practice, this represents the biggest challenge in the efficient operation and effectiveness of automatic tax information exchange.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Automated Decision-Making in Cross-Border Commerce: Reconciling GDPR Compliance with Business EfficiencyMammadova, Fatima; Fezer, Tamas; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarWriting this thesis has been a challenging but incredible experience. I explored how companies can balance the demands of GDPR compliance with the need for business efficiency in cross-border automated decision-making. The topic pushed me to dive deep into both legal doctrine and the technical realities of AI systems. I tried to go beyond abstract rules and offer practical insights, including a reconciliation framework that businesses can actually apply. What I am most proud of is how I turned a complex regulatory problem into something that is both understandable and actionable. This journey significantly deepened my ability to apply normative legal principles to evolving technological and commercial realities.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Formation and validity treaties of international public lawDILIXIATI, NILUPAER; Zaccaria, Márton Leó; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThat international treaties are one of the core instruments of international law.International law treaties are written agreements on mutual rights and obligations between subjects of international law, which are the sum of legal rules that regulate the relationships between states and other entities with international personality. The basic framework of international law treaties mainly includes the definition of international law treaties, and the concluding procedures include two stages: offer and acceptance. They are usually classified according to different standards and can be divided into bilateral treaties and multilateral treaties based on the number of contracting parties; According to the nature of the treaty, it can be divided into human rights treaties, trade treaties, environmental treaties, and military treaties. The conditions for entry into force include the ratification, acceptance, or consent of the contracting parties, and certain procedural requirements must be met. The interpretation and revision of the treaty also require consultation and consent from the contracting parties to ensure that the rights and interests of all parties are protected. International treaties are the cornerstone of public international law,and they hold a high position in the international legal system. Once signed and ratified by the contracting states, international law treaties have legal binding force on each contracting state. In many cases, the effectiveness of international law treaties is superior to that of domestic law. According to the principles of international law, when there is a conflict between international law and domestic law, the state should prioritize following international law treaties; Treaties formalize mutual rights and obligations among states and international organizations.which can clarify the rights and obligations of each country on specific issues and reduce the possibility of misunderstandings and conflicts; The treaty promotes cooperation and collaboration among countries in the fields of international economy, environmental protection, human rights, etc. Through the treaty, countries can jointly address global challenges.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető The Role of Human Rights in International Business LawSaralinova, Altynai; Fézer, Tamás; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarIn today's world, international trade and the global economy simply cannot function without respect for human rights. In the context of globalization, the growing number of multinational corporations and the increasing complexity of international business, the protection of human rights has become a fundamental part of international law. Enterprises have an undeniable impact on society, the environment and economic stability, which makes human rights not only an ethical obligation, but also an important foundation for sustainable development. Issues such as forced labour, child labour, discrimination in the workplace, unsafe working conditions, and environmental harm continue to surface. These violations indicate continuing problems, which are particularly acute in countries with low levels of legal regulation and weak respect for human rights. Given these issues, this study examines the role of human rights in international business law, focusing on how international and European legal standards shape corporate practice, what obstacles remain, and what can be done to improve compliance.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető The Options and Challenges of Online Alternative Dispute ResolutionÉlő , Károly; Hajnal, Zsolt; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThe thesis explores the evolving landscape of online alternative dispute resolution, with a particular focus on the digitisation of arbitration, conciliation and mediation within European and Hungarian legal frameworks. As digital technologies become increasingly prevalent and commerce and legal practice undergo transformation, online alternative dispute resolution emerges as a timely and necessary alternative to traditional court procedures. The research aims to analyse the mechanisms through which online alternative dispute resolution operates, examine its legal foundations, assess its practical implementation and evaluate its potential, particularly in light of the recent discontinuation of the EU’s official Online Dispute Resolution platform and the emerging role of artificial intelligence. Through an examination of the unique features, legal ramifications, and technological prerequisites of online arbitration, conciliation, and mediation, this thesis provides a comparative analysis that highlights the strengths and limitations of each method. Online arbitration, with its binding decisions, offers efficiency but raises concerns about enforceability and the role of AI arbitrators. Online conciliation, particularly in consumer disputes, offers structured yet flexible resolutions; however, its application is limited by procedural and legal constraints. Online mediation emphasises personal interaction and flexibility, but requires new communication skills and raises ethical considerations in a virtual environment. By combining doctrinal research with policy analysis and empirical insights, particularly from Hungary’s national experience, this study contributes to the broader discourse on digital justice and proposes concrete recommendations for enhancing the accessibility, transparency and effectiveness of alternative dispute resolution systems across Europe.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető The Current Scenario of Legal & Regulatory Frameworks of EU for Smart Contracts: Challenges, Opportunities, and Prospect ReformsIqbal, Hafsa; Fézer, Tamás; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThis thesis examines the emerging legal and regulatory framework of the European Union on smart contracts through the lens of the technology-law interface. It explains key EU instruments such as the Data Act, MiCA, and GDPR, and unpacks their implications for blockchain-based contracting. The thesis sheds light on the sore spots of legal certainty, enforceability, and interoperability. It also identifies opportunities for harmonisation and proposes reforms for offering a more adequate fit for automated digital contracts within the EU legal order.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető From the Colonialism to the Courtroomdr. Nemes, Zoltán; Zaccaria Márton Leó; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThis thesis explores the historical and legal dimensions of the territorial dispute between Venezuela and Guyana over the Essequibo region. It traces the origins of the conflict back to colonial times, analyzing competing claims stemming from Spanish exploration, Dutch settlement, and British inheritance. The paper examines how the uti possidetis juris principle and the 1899 arbitral award have shaped the legal arguments of both states. It also evaluates the resurgence of the dispute during Guyana’s independence, the discovery of oil, and Venezuela’s recent unilateral actions. The study culminates with an analysis of the case before the International Court of Justice, highlighting key legal doctrines such as the finality of arbitral awards and the right to self-determination. Ultimately, the thesis argues that the dispute is as much about law as it is about power, colonial legacy, and evolving international norms.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Steering Privacy: GDPR Compliance and the Boundaries of Data Use in Connected CarsHashmi, Agha Ali Turab; Fézer, Tamás; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThis thesis offers a focused and timely examination of how the GDPR’s principle of purpose limitation applies to the rapidly evolving world of connected cars. It investigates how personal data collected for specific vehicle functions is often repurposed in ways that may not align with legal or user expectations. By combining doctrinal legal analysis with regulatory guidance, the study identifies both compliance challenges and practical solutions. Key issues such as vague purpose specification, function creep, and opaque third-party data sharing are addressed. The thesis provides actionable recommendations for industry stakeholders to ensure GDPR compliance obligations through clearer purpose definition and privacy-by-design strategies. Overall, it contributes meaningfully to the legal discourse on data protection in intelligent transportation systems.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető AI-Generated Contracts and Liability: Legal Challenges and a Framework for AllocationKaladze, Zurab; Fezer, Tamas; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThis research proposes a seven-step legal framework to determine liability among developers, deployers, and end users of AI-generated contracts. It uses doctrinal legal analysis and comparative studies of the EU, U.S., and international regulations, focusing on tools like Ironclad, Robin AI, and Legitt AI. The framework considers factors such as AI system risk level, control, contractual roles, fault, and regulatory compliance, aligning with the EU AI Act and contract law principles. It aims to allocate responsibility fairly for harms like GDPR violations, biased clauses, or unenforceable terms. The model supports transparency, fairness, and accountability while promoting responsible AI use in contract automation.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető The Impact of Employment Regulations on Foreign Direct Investment in Europe.Shakeel, Muhammad Maaz; Zaccaria, Marton Leo; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThe thesis set out to explore how different laws of the European Union related to employment standards affect Foreign Direct Investment. Several directives, treaties, and regulations impact the workforce by providing for specific requirements with regard to salaries, termination, benefits, and safety requirements, etc. This undermines the investor confidence in a way that it increases the cost of setting up a business. Especially in the manufacturing sector, companies are taking their facilities to cheaper alternatives cuch as Cambodia or Bangladesh. But it is a two-edged sword; the EU cannot let its workforce be exploited just to get some investments. The EU has to take a cautious path which will help in not reducing the salaries or benefits of the workforce and reduce the cost in other ways. The political stability and Economic integration are one of the biggest reasons of investor confidence in European market.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Copyright Related Issues in AI-Generated ContentSözer, İlkim; Fézer , Tamás; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarArtifical intelligence is a trailblazing invention which proved itself both revolutionary and troubling in the legal sense. This thesis explores the questions of how copyright law applies to or should apply to AI generated content, focusing mainly on two objectives: the legality of using copyrighted material or creative works in training AI systems, and whether or how copyright protects or excludes AI generated outputs. The analysis also contains a comparative examination of regulations and practices from different districts such as USA, UK, Chinese and EU level approaches to further establish a hypothetical solution to AI related copyright problems.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Classifying the unclassified: legal responses to platform work in the European Union and KenyaWanjau, Imelda; Marton, Zaccaria; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThe legal status of platform work has been a challenge since the emergence of gig economy. The legal framework including courts have responded inconsistently as to whether platform workers are employees or independent consultants resulting to these workers unequal treatment and unequal protection under the law. These varying responses and decisions even by courts have contributed to the inequality and unknown status. It is my contention in this thesis that addressing the legal status of the platform workers definitively, is half the solution to getting them the much needed protection under the law. The EU has made positive substantial progress in bridging this gap through the Directive (EC) 2024/2831 on improving working conditions in platform work which introduces the presumption of employment. Though this is a rebuttable presumption, it has set the stage for finally platform workers acquiring a legal status.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Research on the Legal Regulation of Training Datasets for the Judicial Auxiliary Trial Model in Chinese ContextYU, XIAOXUE; Bartha, Ildikó; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThe legal regulation of the training datasets of the intelligent assisted trial model is different from that of the ordinary training datasets, and the legal regulation of the model datasets has its own unique requirements based on the characteristics of the judiciary itself. Studying the regulatory requirements for training datasets in intelligence-assisted trial models will help enrich and improve the application of judicial trial theory in the field of AI-assisted justice. This paper, from the perspective of judicial practice and judicial value in various countries, analyzes the regulatory attitudes of each country towards the application of training data in the judicial field, and examines the requirements of the regulatory path from the perspective of judicial value. By using literature analysis, case analysis and comparative research methods, this paper attempts to explore the reasonable legal regulation path for the training datasets of intelligence-assisted trial models in the context of China.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Artificial Intelligence and Personal Data Protection: A Comparative Legal Study of the EU, United States and PakistanAwan, Umair Nazir; Bartha, Ildiko; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThis paper aims to investigate the interplay of Artificial Intelligence with the aspect of personal data protection by making a comparative analysis of the three well-developed legal systems namely the European Union, United States and Pakistan. It seeks to determine how laws in these jurisdictions govern the relatively new data-intensive AI technologies while considering the factors of innovation and privacy. The gaps and inconsistency of the current regulatory framework are explored for critical points while the topics of automated decision-making, action of algorithms and cross-border data transfers are also emphasized. Using a doctrinal and functionalist approach, this paper assesses right-based regulation from the EU, sectoral and fragmented currents from the US and emerging models from Pakistan. It shows how the GDPR and the AI Act 2024 place the EU in a leadership role while presenting the US as a country of enforcement and Pakistan as a country in its infancy trying to embrace the new legal developments. Subjects like Article 22 GDPR, risk-based regulation of AI and compliance dilemmas for multinational businesses are discussed in detail. The dissertation also examines the effects of regulatory divergence on the business environment for international business, compliance and digital sovereignty. Some of the policies call for risk-tiered regulation, harmonisation by use of digital trade agreements, independent auditing and stakeholder governance. Finally, the dissertation provides a concept that is about the legal regulation of AI and advanced technology based on human rights legal frameworks that are compatible with other global legal systems. It postulates that if there is no proper and coordinated approach towards the regulation of AI, then AI has the potential to deepen Social digital divides and reduce the public faith in the democratic government and advancement in technology.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető The European Union’s Legal and Business Response to U.S. Commercial Policies Under the Trump Administration: A Study of Transatlantic Economic Tensions and International Business LawAshraf, Chaudhry Hasnat; Hajnal, Zsolt; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThe thesis examines the European Union's legal and commercial reactions to America's commercial policies within the Trump administration, most importantly, three significant disputes: the tariffs of section 232 on steel and aluminium, the subsidy dispute of Boeing–Airbus, and tensions on digital services tax (DST). Integrating legal doctrinal analysis and thematic interpretation based on case studies, research scrutinises how the EU dealt with declining multilateral trade norms and reacted to protectionist actions of America by using legal, strategic, and diplomatic means. The results expose that the EU embraced a hybrid strategy—involving using WTO processes to contest U.S. actions as illegitimate while also using countermeasures and backing multilateral reform processes at the same time. At the same time, impacted multinational corporations such as Airbus, BMW, and Google reacted to these conflicts by modifying supply chains, raising legal compliance, lobbying, and pushing for regulatory stability. These dynamics illustrate how legal principles and corporate choice affect international trade regulation. The thesis incorporates theory from realism, legal positivism, transnational legal order theory, as well as liberal institutionalism to account for the EU's double obligation towards legalism as well as strategic flexibility. The thesis contends that today's trade conflicts increasingly speak to an integrated legal–business environment, wherein private and state actors co-produce regulation. The research concludes by calling for WTO reform that more defined legal frameworks for national security exemptions, and faster multilateral negotiations on digital taxation. It also highlights the rising trade diplomacy roles of private parties and the requirement of anticipatory legal instruments to handle disruptions to the international trading environment in advance.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Balancing Confidentiality and Transparency in International Commercial ArbitrationAl Nofali, Shahad; Tamás, Fézer; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarAddressing the unresolved issue in international arbitration: how to balance confidentiality, a core advantage of arbitration, with the increasing demand for transparency? As international arbitration continues to evolve in response to globalization and legal reform initiatives, the need to reassess established practices becomes urgent. By conducting a comparative analysis of the ICC Arbitration Rules and UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules, this study aims to examine how confidentiality and transparency are managed under these institutional frameworks. It further explores the practical challenges faced by parties and arbitrators in maintaining confidentiality while complying with emerging transparency obligations. Given the nature of international arbitration, which often involves limited public access to arbitral decisions, the research relies significantly on institutional publications, arbitral practices, and commentaries by practitioners and academics to supplement gaps in publicly available case law.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Royalty Justice and Legal Protection for Artists in Digital Music PlatformsBilgin, Ilayda; Fézer , Tamás; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThis study examines copyright protection for artists on digital music platforms. Major platforms like Spotify and Apple Music use pro-rata payment systems that disadvantage music rights holders economically. The legal research analyzes these systems' legal validity under international copyright law. Alternative payment models are evaluated through the Berne Convention and WIPO Treaty frameworks. The study proposes legal solutions for fairer revenue distribution on digital platforms.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Az ingó és ingatlan értékesítés azonos és eltérő szempontjai a végrehajtás soránIllés, Dávid; Pribula, László; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarA szakdolgozatom a magyar bírósági végrehajtási eljárásban az ingó és ingatlan vagyontárgyak értékesítésének azonos és eltérő szempontjait vizsgálja. A munka áttekinti a végrehajtás általános elveit és szabályait, majd részletesen bemutatja az ingóságok és ingatlanok lefoglalásának, értékbecslésének és árverésének eltérő folyamatait. Központi eleme a két eljárástípus összehasonlítása, kitérve a jogszabályi különbségekre, az időtartamra, az árverésen kívüli eladásra és az elektronikus árverési rendszer szerepére. A dolgozat rávilágít, hogy míg az ingóvégrehajtás gyorsabb és kevésbé formális, addig az ingatlanvégrehajtás összetettebb és formálisabb. Az elemzés kiemeli az elektronikus árverés jelentőségét az átláthatóság és hatékonyság növelésének érdekében. Végül a megállapítás kerül, hogy a jogalkotás folyamatosan keresi az egyensúlyt a végrehajtás eredményessége és az adósok jogainak védelme között.