Theses (ÁJK)
Állandó link (URI) ehhez a gyűjteményhez
Theses collection of the Faculty of Law. The collection was started in 2015.
At the University of Debrecen, in accordance with the 2022 amendment to the 2011 Higher Education Act, student theses are only accessible from devices connected to the University's Eduroam WiFi network or from a university IP address.
“The thesis or diploma work of a student who has successfully passed the final examination shall be stored in full in the academic system of the higher education institution, and a record shall be maintained thereof. The stored theses and diploma works – with the exception of parts classified as confidential in accordance with the relevant legislation – must be made accessible and searchable without restriction through the academic system.” Further info on the National Higher Education Act in Hungarian: Felsőokt. tv. (új) - 2011. évi CCIV. törvény a nemzeti felsőoktatásról - Hatályos Jogszabályok Gyűjteménye.
Böngészés
legfrissebb feltöltések
Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Compliance a munkajogbanKincses-Szabó , Éva; Nádas , György; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarA dolgozatom áttekintést ad a compliance fogalmáról, mibenlétéről, különös tekintettel a munkajogi compliance jelentőségéről. A szakdolgozatom elsődlegesen azokat a munkáltatói és munkavállalói kötelezettségeket, és jogokat tekinti át, melyek a vállalati megfelelés körében a legfontosabbak, és azokat a munkajogi eszközöket veszi sorra, melyekkel a munkáltató a munkavállalók jogkövető magatartását, munkavégzését leginkább befolyásolhatják. Ezek közül két eszköz, a jogszabályfigyelés, és kapcsolódó tájékoztatás valamint a munkáltató fegyelmi jogkörének gyakorlása és az ezt megelőző fegyelmi eljárás lefolytatása kerül részletesebben bemutatásra.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető A „Z” generáció, mint munkaerő megtartásának HR kihívásaiFalkai-Vitál, Boglárka; Nádasné Rab , Henriett Enikő; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarA szakdolgozat a "Z" generáció, mint munkaerő megtartásának HR kihívásaival foglalkozik 6 fejezetben.Részletezi az egyes generációk eltérő jellemvonásai kialakulásának okát társadalmi és munkarőpiaci szempontból is. A Z generáció, mint munkaerő bemutatása önálló fejezetet alkot. A dolgozat foglalkozik a munkaerő megtartásának problematikájával is. Az elvándorlás lehetséges okainak feltárása és a megtartás HR eszközei is feldolgozásra kerültek. A dolgozat végösszegzése támpontot ad a Z generáció megtartását eredményező HR feladatokhoz.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Determining Employment Relationships in the Gig EconomyGu, Jialu; Ildikó, Bartha; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarIn recent years, with the rapid development of the global platform economy, the protection of workers' rights and interests in new forms of employment, such as platform work, has attracted widespread attention. At the same time, platform-based employment has exposed a range of issues: unclear legal status of platform workers, excessively long working hours, unstable income, insufficient occupational safety and health safeguards, lack of social insurance, opaque and unreasonable algorithmic operations of platforms, and difficulties in exercising collective rights, among others. This paper clarifies the labor law frameworks in China and the European Union and its member states, employs a comparative approach to analyze the differences in the classification of employment relationships and legislative methods across regions, and offers recommendations for defining platform-based employment relationships in China in the future.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Corporate Civil Liability for High-Risk Artificial Intelligence Systems under EU Law A Comparative Study with Dutch Civil LawRehan, Mohammad Ameen; Hjnal, zsolt; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThis thesis examines corporate civil liability for damage caused by high-risk artificial intelligence systems under European Union law. While the EU has adopted the Artificial Intelligence Act as a comprehensive regulatory framework based on a risk-based approach, the Regulation primarily focuses on preventive obligations and administrative enforcement, leaving issues of civil liability and compensation largely unresolved.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Assessing the adequacy of the EU Trade Secrets Directive in protecting AI-Driven Business Algorithms.Dey, Shubagata; Tamás, Fézer; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThis thesis assesses whether the EU Trade Secrets Directive adequately protects AI-driven business algorithms. It argues that trade secret law was designed for static information and struggles to accommodate self-learning, constantly evolving AI systems. The difficulty of identifying, proving, and enforcing misappropriation of dynamic algorithms significantly weakens legal protection in practice. The analysis further explores the growing tension between trade secret protection and emerging EU legislation, notably the AI Act and the Data Act, which prioritize transparency and access to information. These overlapping regimes create legal uncertainty for companies relying on proprietary AI models. The thesis concludes that without clearer rules and a balanced legal framework, innovation incentives in the EU risk being undermined.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Data Governance and Ethical AI Compliance under the EU AI ActArfa, Chaima; Fézer, Tamás; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThis research paper examines how the data governance obligations imposed by the EU Artificial Intelligence Act facilitate ethical AI compliance within the European regulatory framework, with particular attention to the protection of fundamental rights.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Crypto Taxation:"Defining and Regulating Digital Assets in the EU and Beyond"Khan, Sahibzada Ahmed Ali; Fezer, Tamas; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThis thesis examines the fundamental conflict between borderless digital assets and territorially anchored tax systems within the European Union and international jurisdictions. It identifies a "Definitional Quagmire" where the EU’s harmonised financial regulation (MiCA) contrasts sharply with the fragmented direct tax classifications applied by individual Member States. This legal incoherence acts as a non-tariff barrier, creating significant compliance costs for cross-border businesses and distorting the Internal Market. The research further analyses the "Enforcement Gap," arguing that the EU’s reliance on intermediary reporting through DAC8 is structurally insufficient to capture the opaque decentralised finance (DeFi) economy. By comparing the EU approach with the United Kingdom’s new property laws and the United States’ enforcement-led model, the study highlights how legal certainty has become a key driver of global competitiveness. A critical finding is that while the EU has established a robust surveillance architecture, it lacks a unified tax base to effectively utilise the collected data. Ultimately, the thesis recommends a "Fiscal-Regulatory Alignment" where MiCA’s definitions serve as the binding classification for tax purposes to ensure a coherent Digital Single Market.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Protecting Trade Secrets from Cyber Espionage: A Legal AnalysisDas, Sudipta; Tamás, Fézer; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThis thesis provides a clear, well-structured, and timely legal analysis of the EU framework for protecting trade secrets against cyber espionage. It demonstrates strong doctrinal depth and effectively situates trade secret law within the broader context of cybersecurity and strategic autonomy. The comparative analysis with the U.S. DTSA and Economic Espionage Act is particularly persuasive, highlighting the limitations of the EU’s predominantly civil and territorial approach. The argument for integrating mandatory cybersecurity standards and strengthening criminal enforcement is coherent and well supported. The methodology is sound, and the analysis engages critically with both legal scholarship and policy implications. Overall, the thesis represents a strong and original contribution to contemporary EU trade secret and cybersecurity law.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Fenntarthatósági kritériumok megjelenése a hibás teljesítés következményeibenBoros, Dominik; Hajnal, Zsolt; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarAz európai uniós jogalkotó hosszú évek után célkitűzései közé vette a fenntartható fejlődés elérését, amiben nagy szerepe volt a 2019-es Green Dealnek (Zöld Megállapodásnak). A Green Deal egy aktív jogalkotási folyamatot indított el az Európai Unión belül és számos belső piaci eszközt, jelen esetben a fogyasztóvédelmi jogot is érintette. A fogyasztóvédelmi jog jogintézményei közül a legnagyobb változáson a hibás teljesítésben figyelhetőek meg. Egyrészt a javításhoz való jog egyik legnagyobb (r2r) célja, hogy a fogyasztó már a szerződéses felelősség keretein belül is a legzöldebb megoldásokat válassza. Illetve, a tisztességtelen kereskedelmi gyakorlatok szabályozása során nagy hangsúlyt kapott a szerződésszerűség kérdése is, hiszen a vállalkozásoknak kötelezettségük a fogyasztókat tájékoztatni, hogyha a termék élettartamát korlátozták, vagy éppen azt bizonyítani, hogy a termék milyen zöld tulajdonságokkal rendelkezik. Összességeben egy nagyon ambiciózus célt tűzött ki maga elé az európai uniós jogalkotó, azonban a megvalósítás hagy maga után némi kívánnivalót, illetve kritikát.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Munkaidő a nemzetközi közúti fuvarozásbanSzékely, Ádám Richárd; Nádas, György; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarA diplomamunka célja a közúti áruszállításban dolgozó gépjárművezetők – közismert, és dolgozatom további részeiben is gyakran használt megnevezésükkel; „kamionsofőrök” – munka és pihenőidejére vonatkozó szabályok, és gyakorlati alkalmazásuk ismertetése. Ennek érdekében bemutatni kívánom a járművezetők sajátos helyzetét, munkájuk különleges jellemzőit, amely jellemzők hatással vannak a munkaidő egyedi szabályozására, és amelyek együttesen szükségessé teszik, hogy a munkavállalók speciális csoportjaként széleskörű, nemzeti, Európai Uniós és nemzetközi jogi normarendszer bástyázza körül működésüket. A globális ellátási láncok összekapcsoltsága miatt a szállítmányozás minősége és megbízhatósága alapvetően meghatározza az ipari szereplők sikerességét és versenyképességét. Napjainkban, amikor az ellátásilánc-menedzsmentben felértékelődnek olyan nem hagyományos kiválasztási módszerek mint a rugalmasság a közúti áruszállítás előnyt élvez a vasúti, vagy a vízi szállítmányozáshoz képest. Az ágazat szabályozása azonban nem csupán gazdasági kérdés, hanem szociális és közlekedésbiztonsági kihívásokat is magában foglal. Fentiekben bemutatásra került a nemzetközi közúti áruszállításban dolgozó járművezetőket érintő sajátos munkaidő: a vezetési és pihenési idő. Dolgozatom két részre tagolódott: az első felében igyekeztem bemutatni a vezetési és pihenési időt meghatározó ágazati gyakorlatokat, a munkaidő megfelelő beosztását különös tekintettel a munkaidőkeret alkalmazására. A kollektív munkajogi tényezők, elsősorban a kollektív szerződés jelentőségének bemutatását követően a harmadik meghatározó tényező, a kiküldetés és az alapjául szolgáló Mobilitási Csomag vizsgálata történt meg. A dolgozat második felében a rendkívül szerteágazó nemzetközi jogi, EU jogi, és hazai szabályozást vázoltam fel. Ténylegesen vázlatról van szó, noha nagy terjedelmű „száraz” joganyag került bemutatásra, az ágazatban ezek csak a legfontosabb szabályok. Fentiek alapján megállapítható, hogy rendkívül komplex jogi szabályozási területről van szó, a legkülönfélébb jogági hatásokkal és nemzetközi szabályozási trendekkel. Úgy vélem, az egységesítésre való törekvés, az ágazat technológiai fejlődésnek való kitettsége, valamint a globális ellátóláncok jelentőségének növekedése újabb és újabb kihívásokat állít majd a jogalkotók és a jogalkalmazók elé, ezért a terület további kutatásában nagy távlatok nyílnak a jövőben is.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető The importance of international tax information exchange in preventing VAT frauddr. Barczi , Elisabeth; Bartha, Ildikó; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarIn my thesis, I wanted to provide a relatively brief but comprehensive picture of how international tax information exchange contributes to the prevention of tax fraud. The main benefit of automatic exchange of information is that tax authorities receive useful information that helps them fight cross-border tax fraud, tax evasion and tax avoidance. Another advantage of automatic exchange of information is that it has a deterrent effect on taxpayers, encouraging them to fulfill their tax obligations even more carefully. In general, the key issue when using data will be that the data received is reliable and can be used automatically, without further human intervention. In practice, this represents the biggest challenge in the efficient operation and effectiveness of automatic tax information exchange.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Automated Decision-Making in Cross-Border Commerce: Reconciling GDPR Compliance with Business EfficiencyMammadova, Fatima; Fezer, Tamas; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarWriting this thesis has been a challenging but incredible experience. I explored how companies can balance the demands of GDPR compliance with the need for business efficiency in cross-border automated decision-making. The topic pushed me to dive deep into both legal doctrine and the technical realities of AI systems. I tried to go beyond abstract rules and offer practical insights, including a reconciliation framework that businesses can actually apply. What I am most proud of is how I turned a complex regulatory problem into something that is both understandable and actionable. This journey significantly deepened my ability to apply normative legal principles to evolving technological and commercial realities.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Formation and validity treaties of international public lawDILIXIATI, NILUPAER; Zaccaria, Márton Leó; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThat international treaties are one of the core instruments of international law.International law treaties are written agreements on mutual rights and obligations between subjects of international law, which are the sum of legal rules that regulate the relationships between states and other entities with international personality. The basic framework of international law treaties mainly includes the definition of international law treaties, and the concluding procedures include two stages: offer and acceptance. They are usually classified according to different standards and can be divided into bilateral treaties and multilateral treaties based on the number of contracting parties; According to the nature of the treaty, it can be divided into human rights treaties, trade treaties, environmental treaties, and military treaties. The conditions for entry into force include the ratification, acceptance, or consent of the contracting parties, and certain procedural requirements must be met. The interpretation and revision of the treaty also require consultation and consent from the contracting parties to ensure that the rights and interests of all parties are protected. International treaties are the cornerstone of public international law,and they hold a high position in the international legal system. Once signed and ratified by the contracting states, international law treaties have legal binding force on each contracting state. In many cases, the effectiveness of international law treaties is superior to that of domestic law. According to the principles of international law, when there is a conflict between international law and domestic law, the state should prioritize following international law treaties; Treaties formalize mutual rights and obligations among states and international organizations.which can clarify the rights and obligations of each country on specific issues and reduce the possibility of misunderstandings and conflicts; The treaty promotes cooperation and collaboration among countries in the fields of international economy, environmental protection, human rights, etc. Through the treaty, countries can jointly address global challenges.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető The Role of Human Rights in International Business LawSaralinova, Altynai; Fézer, Tamás; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarIn today's world, international trade and the global economy simply cannot function without respect for human rights. In the context of globalization, the growing number of multinational corporations and the increasing complexity of international business, the protection of human rights has become a fundamental part of international law. Enterprises have an undeniable impact on society, the environment and economic stability, which makes human rights not only an ethical obligation, but also an important foundation for sustainable development. Issues such as forced labour, child labour, discrimination in the workplace, unsafe working conditions, and environmental harm continue to surface. These violations indicate continuing problems, which are particularly acute in countries with low levels of legal regulation and weak respect for human rights. Given these issues, this study examines the role of human rights in international business law, focusing on how international and European legal standards shape corporate practice, what obstacles remain, and what can be done to improve compliance.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető The Options and Challenges of Online Alternative Dispute ResolutionÉlő , Károly; Hajnal, Zsolt; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThe thesis explores the evolving landscape of online alternative dispute resolution, with a particular focus on the digitisation of arbitration, conciliation and mediation within European and Hungarian legal frameworks. As digital technologies become increasingly prevalent and commerce and legal practice undergo transformation, online alternative dispute resolution emerges as a timely and necessary alternative to traditional court procedures. The research aims to analyse the mechanisms through which online alternative dispute resolution operates, examine its legal foundations, assess its practical implementation and evaluate its potential, particularly in light of the recent discontinuation of the EU’s official Online Dispute Resolution platform and the emerging role of artificial intelligence. Through an examination of the unique features, legal ramifications, and technological prerequisites of online arbitration, conciliation, and mediation, this thesis provides a comparative analysis that highlights the strengths and limitations of each method. Online arbitration, with its binding decisions, offers efficiency but raises concerns about enforceability and the role of AI arbitrators. Online conciliation, particularly in consumer disputes, offers structured yet flexible resolutions; however, its application is limited by procedural and legal constraints. Online mediation emphasises personal interaction and flexibility, but requires new communication skills and raises ethical considerations in a virtual environment. By combining doctrinal research with policy analysis and empirical insights, particularly from Hungary’s national experience, this study contributes to the broader discourse on digital justice and proposes concrete recommendations for enhancing the accessibility, transparency and effectiveness of alternative dispute resolution systems across Europe.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető The Current Scenario of Legal & Regulatory Frameworks of EU for Smart Contracts: Challenges, Opportunities, and Prospect ReformsIqbal, Hafsa; Fézer, Tamás; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThis thesis examines the emerging legal and regulatory framework of the European Union on smart contracts through the lens of the technology-law interface. It explains key EU instruments such as the Data Act, MiCA, and GDPR, and unpacks their implications for blockchain-based contracting. The thesis sheds light on the sore spots of legal certainty, enforceability, and interoperability. It also identifies opportunities for harmonisation and proposes reforms for offering a more adequate fit for automated digital contracts within the EU legal order.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető From the Colonialism to the Courtroomdr. Nemes, Zoltán; Zaccaria Márton Leó; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThis thesis explores the historical and legal dimensions of the territorial dispute between Venezuela and Guyana over the Essequibo region. It traces the origins of the conflict back to colonial times, analyzing competing claims stemming from Spanish exploration, Dutch settlement, and British inheritance. The paper examines how the uti possidetis juris principle and the 1899 arbitral award have shaped the legal arguments of both states. It also evaluates the resurgence of the dispute during Guyana’s independence, the discovery of oil, and Venezuela’s recent unilateral actions. The study culminates with an analysis of the case before the International Court of Justice, highlighting key legal doctrines such as the finality of arbitral awards and the right to self-determination. Ultimately, the thesis argues that the dispute is as much about law as it is about power, colonial legacy, and evolving international norms.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Steering Privacy: GDPR Compliance and the Boundaries of Data Use in Connected CarsHashmi, Agha Ali Turab; Fézer, Tamás; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThis thesis offers a focused and timely examination of how the GDPR’s principle of purpose limitation applies to the rapidly evolving world of connected cars. It investigates how personal data collected for specific vehicle functions is often repurposed in ways that may not align with legal or user expectations. By combining doctrinal legal analysis with regulatory guidance, the study identifies both compliance challenges and practical solutions. Key issues such as vague purpose specification, function creep, and opaque third-party data sharing are addressed. The thesis provides actionable recommendations for industry stakeholders to ensure GDPR compliance obligations through clearer purpose definition and privacy-by-design strategies. Overall, it contributes meaningfully to the legal discourse on data protection in intelligent transportation systems.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető AI-Generated Contracts and Liability: Legal Challenges and a Framework for AllocationKaladze, Zurab; Fezer, Tamas; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThis research proposes a seven-step legal framework to determine liability among developers, deployers, and end users of AI-generated contracts. It uses doctrinal legal analysis and comparative studies of the EU, U.S., and international regulations, focusing on tools like Ironclad, Robin AI, and Legitt AI. The framework considers factors such as AI system risk level, control, contractual roles, fault, and regulatory compliance, aligning with the EU AI Act and contract law principles. It aims to allocate responsibility fairly for harms like GDPR violations, biased clauses, or unenforceable terms. The model supports transparency, fairness, and accountability while promoting responsible AI use in contract automation.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető The Impact of Employment Regulations on Foreign Direct Investment in Europe.Shakeel, Muhammad Maaz; Zaccaria, Marton Leo; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThe thesis set out to explore how different laws of the European Union related to employment standards affect Foreign Direct Investment. Several directives, treaties, and regulations impact the workforce by providing for specific requirements with regard to salaries, termination, benefits, and safety requirements, etc. This undermines the investor confidence in a way that it increases the cost of setting up a business. Especially in the manufacturing sector, companies are taking their facilities to cheaper alternatives cuch as Cambodia or Bangladesh. But it is a two-edged sword; the EU cannot let its workforce be exploited just to get some investments. The EU has to take a cautious path which will help in not reducing the salaries or benefits of the workforce and reduce the cost in other ways. The political stability and Economic integration are one of the biggest reasons of investor confidence in European market.