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Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Az egyetemi hallgatók vállalkozási hajlandósága és motivációi(2024-12-31) Troitsky, Mátyás; Gabnai, Zoltán; Nagy, Adrián SzilárdIn recent decades, the concepts of creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship have become key players in modern economic development and have received increasing attention both in the European Union and in our country. At present, the SME sector accounts for more than half of the workforce, which is why it is important to monitor their development and performance, as they have a significant impact on the performance of the domestic economy, and thus entrepreneurship and the promotion of entrepreneurial activities are a priority economic policy issue, and can contribute significantly to economic growth, job creation and the competitiveness of the country. As a result of our research on entrepreneurship and its determinants, it can be concluded that entrepreneurship depends on a number of factors, including personal characteristics, attitudes, motivations, educational and cultural background, economic and legal environment, market opportunities and challenges. The results show that more than 90 percent of university students have a positive attitude towards entrepreneurship and nearly 10 percent of them already have a business during their university years. Among the personal motivational factors, the most common responses from those surveyed were financial security, self-fulfilment and social recognition and challenge. This suggests that university students perceive self-employment as more stable than employment. The high influencing factors of self-fulfilment and challenge factors clearly show that university students are not self-employed by necessity, but would start a business for a good business opportunity, to achieve their own plans and goals. The most negatively influencing factors for starting a business according to respondents are financial risk, lack of start-up capital and lack of information, all of which could be addressed by government grants and start-up tenders and other funding opportunities. Despite the fact that the vast majority of students are open to starting a business, very few are aware of the public grants and other funding opportunities available to support entrepreneurship. When asked whether they would like to receive information on starting a business or developing a business idea in the future, nearly 90% of students would like to receive information in the context of compulsory university courses, optional courses and dedicated events.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Online vásárlási- és elektronikus fizetési szokások feltérképezése UTAUT modellel – szakirodalmi áttekintés(2024-12-31) Piros, Edina; Fehér, AndrásThe literature identifies several theories and frameworks for assessing user acceptance and adoption of new technologies, of which the TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) and its extensions, and the UTAUT (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) are the most popular. Several studies confirm that the UTAUT model has proven to be effective in investigating the causal relationships between behavioral intentions. In the literature review, we aimed to explore, alongside specific parameters, which dependent and independent variables are relevant to investigate individuals' attitudes towards online shopping and electronic payments. In addition, we aimed to explore how the basic UTAUT model could be complemented to increase the effectiveness of the study. By acquiring the relevant literature background, we laid the foundation for the implementation of our primary research, which aims to map the online shopping and electronic payment behavior of university students using the UTAUT model. The literature review concluded that the variables of the basic UTAUT model should be extended to include perceived trust and risk, as well as service quality and awareness. If users believe that a technology will improve their performance, they are more likely to adopt and use it. Individuals are more likely to adopt a new technology if it is easy to use. This is determined by user interfaces, user-friendliness, the complexity of the tasks required to use the technology, and the perceived ease of interaction. The way in which individuals relate to a new technology or system is also influenced by the social circles in which they participate.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A globális éghajlatváltozás jelensége és következményei regionális és szektorális aspektusban(2024-12-31) Herczeg, Balázs; Pintér, ÉvaGlobal climate change poses a significant threat to the planet and our well-being, with carbon emissions being a key contributing factor. The aim of this article is to delve into the complex system of factors influencing carbon emission trends among key countries, examine sectoral differences contributing to such emissions and understand the global actions taken to mitigate the climate change. For this purpose, both quantitative and qualitative research were conducted, and several statistics were used to provide a comprehensive insight on the subject. We have found that while industrialized countries have historically been major contributors to carbon emissions, the rapid economic growth and industrialization witnessed in China and other developing countries mainly in Asia have led to significant increase in their emissions in recent decades. Furthermore, not only regional but sectoral differences could be spotted as the energy sector, where fossil fuels remain a dominant source of energy despite growing efforts to transition to renewable sources, contribute the most to carbon emissions. Lastly, international climate conferences, such as the landmark Paris Agreement, as well as the current energy strategy in EU have sought to mobilize global and regional efforts to mitigate climate change and achieve net zero emissions.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Közép-európai gyógyszergyártó vállalatok forgótőke helyzetének elemzése(2024-11-13) Tömöri, Gergő; Horváth, RihárdThe pharmaceutical industry has huge market potential and investment opportunities, while pharmaceutical players also face a number of challenges, such as regulating the production and pricing of active pharmaceutical ingredients, protecting intellectual property and competing with other players. As a key sector of the Hungarian economy, the industry generates a significant share of GDP and has grown dynamically in recent years, the aim of our study is to compare the activities of Hungarian industry players with sectoral companies in other Visegrad countries, and thus to examine the similarities and differences in the liquidity management of the pharmaceutical industries in these countries. The analysis was based on the annual accounts of regional pharmaceutical companies for the period 2018-2022, extracted from the EMIS database. The period covered included several globally significant events, and therefore our research also examined the impact of the coronavirus epidemic and the war in Ukraine on pharmaceutical companies and whether there were differences between the Central European countries. Overall, sectoral players in each of the region's countries were able to keep their indebtedness under control and, although Hungarian companies were able to manage the largest assets, by the end of the period the working capital efficiency of Polish companies was better than their regional competitors overall.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Megtartás-menedzsment sajátosságai hazai kutatási tapasztalatok tükrében(2024-07-01) Szopos, Edina-CecíliaRecent changes, both in the macro and micro environment, have challenged organisations in recruiting and retaining staff. The aim of this paper is to explore and analyse the key factors that affect staff retention. It also aims to explore the specificities of the domestic labour market and the retention management practices of companies. In order to identify and collect these factors, I conducted a systematic literature review in Google Scholar, MTMT, Web of Science and the Online Encyclopedia of Public Service databases, examining studies published between 2020. and 2023. Based on the research findings, I believe that prioritizing the well-being of employees is key to workforce retention. It is important to create a constructive, supportive work environment where employees can enjoy their work and feel valued and well treated. They should also receive regular feedback on their work, feel satisfied with the working environment, and have the opportunity to work as part of a team, develop professionally and have opportunities for career progression.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A Debreceni Egyetem Tehetséggondozó Programjában résztvevő hallgatók munkaérték preferenciái(2024-12-11) Mándy, Zsuzsanna; Filep, Roland; Dajnoki, KrisztinaWork values make individuals interested and guide their behavior permanently, so our investigation is particularly important. Employees choose a workplace where they in accordance with their values. The purpose of our research was to explore the work value of students participating in the Talent Management Program of the University of Debrecen. Among our sub-goals was the investigation of whether intrinsic or extrinsic values are preferred. We conducted our own investigation using a questionnaire method, the Super work value questionnaire. A t-test was used to examine the difference between the rankings of women and men. Among the respondents, social relations, self-realization, variety and safety represent the most value. Aesthetics and control are considered less important. We recommend creating a working environment for employers that is characterized by close human relationships and diversity, where employees can take advantage of the opportunities provided by their creativity.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Működő tőke és jövedelmezőség a magyarországi növénytermesztő gazdaságokban(2025-01-28) Makai, Szabolcs; Lakatos, VilmosOur study is a thematic analysis of the literature on working capital, with the aim of presenting recent research and interpretations of working capital management. In the second half of the paper, we will illustrate the assessments of capital adequacy and working capital efficiency and their results, based on our own data collection, in comparison with the findings in the literature.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető SLR ABOUT THE COSTS OF PRIVATE BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY FOR BUSINESSES(2024-11-13) Nagy, Péter; Nagy, Adrián SzilárdSince the appearance of Bitcoin (2009), blockchain technology has been used in many fields. Companies use it for financial services, goods tracking, data authentication and secure storage, among other things, in order to make their operations more transparent and efficient. This technology has revolutionized the data management and transaction processing, but the associated costs are also significant and relevant to understand. The costs of blockchains vary and depend on the type of blockchain and how it is used. In this article, we examine the costs of using blockchain technology based on international literature, studies and reports with systematic literature review. In the results the range of possibilities offered by technology is presented, as well as the technology related cost types, and expenditures what companies have to deal with.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Növekvő környezetvédelmi elvárások és a kényszerszerű papírmentes ügyintézés hatása a vállalati fentarthatóságra(2025-01-28) Sereg, NikolettCurrent environmental legislation, directives, and expectations of the stakeholders put increasing pressure on companies' sustainability efforts. Such efforts include applying life cycle analysis methods, resource-saving technologies, low-emission practices, and voluntary ecological rules. Digitization facilitates these efforts, and the forced situation created by the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the digital transformation process even more. Many companies were pressured to find solutions that legally and effectively bypass personal presence. Paper-based administration was restrained, giving hope for the broader spread of entirely paperless businesses. The study aims to present Hungarian companies' incentives for environmental protection and emphasize how paper-free offices are an essential milestone in sustainable development.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A társadalmi fenntarthatóság megvalósulása érdekében hozott intézkedések vizsgálata(2026-01-08) Maklári, Eszter; Fenyves, VeronikaThe concept of sustainability is associated with Lester Russell Brown, founder of the Worldwatch Institute and the Earth Policy Institute, who mentioned the concept of sustainability in his 1981 book Building a Sustainable Society, which deals with the realization of a sustainable society. The concept of sustainable development was first formulated in the UN's Brundtland Report, Our Common Future, in 1987. The report defined sustainable development as taking into account environmental, social, and economic pillars and their interactions. Today, financial experts and investors place great emphasis on environmental, social, and corporate governance aspects in addition to financial performance when evaluating companies. By preparing and publishing sustainability reports, companies help stakeholders make informed decisions. In order to improve sustainability indicators, the decision-making bodies of the European Union support the publication of such documents and the extension of the obligation to prepare them to as wide a range of companies as possible. In November 2022, the European Parliament adopted the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD). Various standards have been developed over the years to improve the quality of sustainability reports and to make companies' sustainability efforts more comparable. The data points of the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) describe the information and data that must be disclosed in relation to a company's environmental, social, and governance sustainability issues, provided that the topic in question is considered material according to the reporting company's double materiality analysis. The study presents the points belonging to the social pillar of the ESRS, supported by examples from companies' published sustainability reports.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A magyar e-kereskedelem üzleti teljesítménymérésének gyakorlati tapasztalatai(2025-12-02) Csáki-Darabos, RitaIn E-commerce is gaining ground all over the world, and its role in the global economy is growing. However, it is important to note that the current inflationary environment puts e-commerce at a disadvantage compared to traditional sales. Rising prices for food and everyday goods have been reflected in consumers' shopping baskets, while e-commerce has seen increased demand for cheaper substitute products. This has reduced basket value and made it difficult to meet performance targets. As traditional stores have grown in importance, e-commerce's share of total trade has fallen from a record high of 10.4% in 2021 to 9.6% in 2022. It is forecast that, within ten years, 30% of retail sales will be made online. These changing shopping habits will present challenges for business leaders. The research aims to determine the extent to which e-commerce businesses in Hungary are influenced by performance measurement tools and systems, how these tools and systems are used, how they improve performance, and their impact on the achievement of corporate performance objectives. It is particularly important to examine which areas can be improved and which pose barriers or risks to achieving targets. In order to make key decisions, business leaders require information on the most impactful factors and those that will help them to achieve their goals. To achieve this, it is necessary to assess companies' current performance improvement and measurement practices and the results achieved, as well as identifying the interrelationships between the different factors. This research was conducted through a questionnaire survey of e-commerce businesses. Based on the responses, the factors that contribute most to effective management were investigated, highlighting the performance improvement and measurement tools on which these businesses should focus. The questionnaire-based survey comprised a total of 24 items, organized into two main sections. The first section focused on collecting general background information, while the second section aimed to assess practices related to performance measurement and evaluation. This latter section included questions concerning performance objectives, performance-inhibiting and risk factors, the tools and methods used for performance measurement, operational, financial, and market-based performance outcomes, as well as the evaluation of measured performance. A total of 224 valid responses were collected. During the data analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to reduce the dimensionality of the variable groups. Closely related variables were grouped into single components based on their intercorrelations. Subsequently, a dependent variable was defined, and the Backward elimination method was applied to identify those principal components that best explained the variance in the dependent variable. Cluster analysis was conducted to form distinct groups, and the financial, asset-related, and income-related indicators of the resulting clusters were examined. These clusters were later utilized in hypothesis testing. Improved profitability, increasing returns, and enhanced financial performance were observed in Cluster 2. For enterprises within this cluster, the introduction of new products, the establishment of long-term growth objectives, and the monitoring of website visits and customer complaints were considered particularly important. These findings suggest that such factors should be given special consideration by enterprises operating in online marketplaces.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A diabétesz előfordulási gyakorisága és a gazdasági fejlettség közötti kapcsolat vizsgálata(2025-12-31) András, Kaibás; Klára, Bíró; Boruzs, KláraThe increasing prevalence of diabetes has become one of the most important and challenging health issues in the world. The increase in the prevalence of diabetes in most regions of the world is paralleled by rapid economic development. We aim to investigate the relationship between increasing economic growth and diabetes prevalence. We are seeking answers whether the Kuznets hypothesis is true or not, such as economic growth is a cure for certain health problems, in this case diabetes. Our analysis was based on aggregated data from the European Health for All database (HFA-DB). We fitted second-order curves and calculated coefficients of determination. In all the countries diabetes prevalence has increased over the analyzed period, in line with the increase in GDP per capita. The coefficient of determination ranged between R2=0.95 and 0.81. Our analysis shows a correlation between GDP and diabetes prevalence. Portugal and the Czech Republic had significantly higher prevalence of diabetes compared to countries with similar economic development, while Turkmenistan, Greece, Kazakhstan and Iceland had significantly lower prevalence. Close attention should be paid to countries that have experienced a decline in diabetes prevalence to avoid the increasing economic burden. Research is needed to investigate the effects and circumstances led to lower diabetes prevalence despite high GDP per capita, so the increase in economic welfare is not associated with an increased prevalence of diabetes.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Modern kommunikációs stratégiák és üzleti kapcsolatok fejlesztése a felsőoktatásban: A Debreceni Egyetem vállalati partnereinek tapasztalatai(2025-11-13) Kiss, Anikó Ilona; Soós, MihályThe quality of communication channels in the B2B sector plays a fundamental role in determining the success of collaborations. With the rapid advancement of digitalization, it has become inevitable for higher education institutions to rethink and modernize their communication practices with business partners. The aim of our research was to map the currently used communication tools and processes, with a particular focus on how well they meet the expectations of today’s business environment and how they could be improved in the future. Through semi-structured interviews conducted with the corporate partners of the University of Debrecen, we gained deeper insight into how inter-institutional communication works in practice, what challenges arise, and what development needs are identified by the stakeholders involved. The findings highlighted that, although existing tools are often functional, there is a clear demand for a consciously designed, innovative, and flexible communication system. Our research is future-oriented: our goal is to formulate development proposals that support higher education institutions in building more dynamic, technologically supported, yet human-centered communication with their partners. These modern communication models could not only enhance institutional competitiveness but also provide students with more valuable and authentic networks for engaging with the business sector.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Regionális gazdasági szerkezetváltás és munkaerőpiaci adaptáció – a debreceni ipari beruházások hatásainak elemzése(2025-12-31) Szobonya, PéterThis study examines the labour market impacts of the large-scale industrial investments in Debrecen between 2015-2025, with particular focus on the economic transformation generated by BMW, CATL and other multinational corporations. The research aims to explore how the emergence of new high-tech industries transforms the structure of the regional labour market, what competency realignments it produces, and what managerial challenges it poses. The methodological approach combines literature analysis, secondary data collection and expert consultations, focusing on investments in the Southern and Northwestern Economic Zones. The research identified a "dual shock effect" in Debrecen's labor market: the creation of more than 20,000 new jobs generates a quantitative shock, while the industrial structural transformation and the competency expectations of international companies representing high-tech industries result in a qualitative shock. Competition for labour has led to significant wage increases and forces the application of new recruitment and retention strategies, while intercultural leadership and organizational development have also become critical challenges during the implementation of greenfield investments in Debrecen. Debrecen's economic transformation represents an exemplary process for regional development, however, it poses significant adaptation challenges for both employees and companies.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A Z generációs turisták élménymotivációi(2025-11-13) Kóródi, Márta; Sánta, Ádám Kálmán; Hevessy, Gábor Balázs; Vargáné Csobán, KatalinExperience motivations based on the hierarchy of needs receive different emphasis in different stages of the life cycle. The basis for the creation of experiences is variety, activity and connection, as travel motivations in addition to the need for relaxation and rest. From the perspective of tourism product development, it is increasingly difficult to form homogeneous demand groups and offer them segment-specific experiences. The examination of the tourism experience behavior of the recently entered generation Z, which is formulated as a research question, is an urgent problem. The analysis of the responses related to experience motivation from the medium-sized sample of the targeted generation provides an opportunity to identify and group the motivations and images from the experience behavior of the age group, and to determine segment specificity. Based on the value and intensity of the individual experience attitudes, four main segments can be distinguished in the surveyed generation Z sample: those who mainly seek calm, safe relaxation, those who mainly get to know each other, those who mainly seek relationships and those who mainly seek challenges. The results of the research contribute to a more precise definition of the experiential behavior of Generation Z tourists.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A mesterséges intelligencia alkalmazásának lehetőségei a fenntartható ellátási láncok fejlesztésében(2025-07-31) Sarkadi, Barnabás; Buglyó-Nyakas, Erzsébet; Gál, TímeaLogistics processes have an increasingly significant environmental impact, which is partly caused by a lack of knowledge or priority for green logistics. Emissions from transport, energy consumption related to production, storage and material handling, as well as packaging waste are all serious burdens. At the same time, environmentally friendly solutions can improve the image of companies. The goal of a green supply chain is not only to deliver products to the consumer, but also to reduce environmental impact while maintaining efficiency and reliability. Sustainability strategies such as reducing the carbon footprint or increasing energy efficiency are crucial. The topic was examined by systematic literature analysis based on the Web of Science database (2014–2024), using the PRISMA methodology. According to the results, from 2021 onwards, digital technologies (e.g. blockchain, Industry 4.0, artificial intelligence) have come to the fore, which will determine the future of green logistics and further research directions.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A debreceni szuburbanizáció negatív hatásainak enyhítése egy új közösségi közlekedési formával, a tram-trainnel(2025-12-31) Havasi, Márton Zsombor; Karcagi-Kováts, AndreaDebrecen has an extensive agglomeration area due to suburbanisation and ongoing developments, which is creating increasing road traffic problems. The need to improve transport infrastructure is unquestionable. The tram-train is a modern form of public transport, which would serve both the city and the suburbs of Debrecen, by providing transport within the city and between settlements. The objective of my research is to assess - from an ecological point of view only - whether it is worthwhile to build a tram-train system in Debrecen. Therefore, I had to study the traffic in the suburbs of Debrecen, which I determined using cross-sectional traffic counts and the staining method.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Exploring Digital Maturity Perception vs. Reality in Hungarian SMEs(2025-09-01) Péntek, Ádám; Kovács, Sándor; Helmeczi, András; Kovács, TamásThe research aimed to explore how the digitalization development of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Hungary relates to their perceived digital readiness, and what role the size of the enterprise plays in this relationship. During the data collection, structured questionnaire data were collected from 207 enterprises, which were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The reliability of the measurement model was adequate (Cronbach alpha: 0.728–0.915; AVE: 0.579–0.792), and the discriminatory validity was verified by several procedures (e.g., HTMT values: 0.425–0.641). According to the results of the structural model, actual digitalisation had a negative, significant relationship with perceived digital readiness (β = -0.444; p < 0.001) and perceived adaptability (β = -0.501; p < 0.001). The size of the enterprise also had a significant impact on the perception of adaptability (β = 0.363; p < 0.001) and also played an intermediary role in the model. The results suggest that more advanced businesses are more critical of their situation, while smaller companies tend to overestimate their digital capabilities. The research contributes to a deeper understanding of the distortions of digitalization self-assessment and the foundation of targeted development interventions.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A háború társadalmi-gazdasági hatásainak vizsgálata a kárpátaljai kistérségi önkormányzatok vonatkozásában(2024-07-01) Gábor, PatakiSince 2022, the Russian-Ukrainian war has been a major focus of everyday life and scientific research. From a Hungarian perspective, it has had a significant impact on the national economy. However, it is also important to monitor the socio-economic effects on the indigenous Hungarians living in Transcarpathia, which have profoundly affected their existence. The scope for analysis is wide, but the present study combines an analysis of the impact of the war with an examination of the so-called "small regions" that have been created in recent years and the population living there. First, I will present a literature review on the socio-economic impacts of war in general. Then, using a sample of empirical research, I will analyze the situation of three small regions along the border of Transcarpathia in the period 2021-2023. As a result of the research, it can be concluded that the differences between the local government groupings are not only influenced by their economic strength, demographic framework, and other social factors, but also by the timing of the study - whether it was conducted before the war, immediately after its outbreak, or a year and a half later. It follows that there is a measure of war exhaustion in society, both economically and psychologically, affecting hope for the future. Therefore, it would be important to have the possibility of reconstruction as soon as possible after the degrading state of war.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Az UEFA 2020 labdarúgó Európa-Bajnokság Budapesten rendezett mérkőzésein való passzív sportfogyasztói részvétel motivációs vizsgálata(2024-07-01) Csiza, MartonThe aim of the present research was to explore the preferences of spectators and the factors that influence their participation in sporting events. The subject of the study was the UEFA 2020 European Football Championship matches in Budapest. Of the approximately 150 respondents, more than 2/3 were men aged 18-40. The fans in the survey prefer betting matches. The main reasons for attending the UEFA 2020 European Football Championship matches in Budapest were the expected good atmosphere, the chance to cheer for the home team, a social programme with friends and acquaintances, and the opportunity to spend some free time and have fun. The least motivating factor was the lack of a better programme and the lack of promotional products offered by the sponsors. During the visit, the participants were most satisfied with the facility and its accessibility, but criticised the range of products in the buffet, considered the service time too long and missed the show (audience entertainment) elements on site. The survey showed that more emphasis should be placed on entertainment elements, Fan Zone programmes and the opportunity to meet the stars. The points that were criticised, such as the range of products and service times of the buffet, could be solved by using mobile buffets that serve the customers walking through the stands during the match.