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Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető 1868. évi népiskolai törvény végrehajtása: a népiskolai épületek és a hajdúszoboszlói polgári fiúiskola(2023-05-23) Megyeri-Pállfi, ZoltánOn the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the public education act of 1868, this study deals with the architectural aspect of the enforcement of the act, and more closely with the school buildings. However, when discussing the topic, it is important to mention Pál Gönczy (1817–1892), who was one of the authors of the public education act. It is also important that he was born in Hajdúszoboszló, and he was that person, who made the first design book in 1870, which contained the architecturalprofessional regulations for the public school buildings. In this study, besides this sample design book, its impact and the subsequent sample designs will be discussed, up to the 1920s Klebelsberg program. The regional aspect of the theme is the history of the higher elementary school for boys that was established in 1898 in Hajdúszoboszló, and its building was built in 1899.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető „Alföld szíve” élménypontjainak ismertsége és elismertsége(2023-05-23) Kóródi, Márta; Mondok, Anita; Szabó, AttilaThe objective of developing a geographical area is, first and foremost, the effective operation, the provision of an appropriate place to live and the well-being of its inhabitants, through the creation of appropriate economic, cultural, technological and ecological conditions. According to Ritchie-Crouch (2003), a tourism destination is competitive, if it has the capability for increasing tourism revenues, attracting tourists continuously, providing visitors with memorable experiences that meet their expectations, and furthermore, for profit generation. At the same time, however, the well-being of the local population must be maintained or increased by the preservation of resources for the future generations (i.e. keeping principles of sustainable development). The dynamic growth in tourism demand is also leading to increased competition between destinations. Intense competition also poses a challenge for the tourism marketing organization in the target area in terms of image building, product development and communication. However, the successful development of tourism can only be achieved through a well-functioning, well-cooperating system. Cooperation is needed both at regional and tourism product level. Although the slogan of Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County as a tourism brand, the "Heart of the Great Plain" meets all the requirements for mottos, the recognition by travellers must be validated with market survey. A large sample (n = 1037) survey was conducted among domestic tourists visiting the destination in summer 2019. 71.6% of the respondents identify the county well by the brand “Heart of the Great Plain”, and the proportion of bad answers was trifling. In addition to the recognition of the tourism brand, the research also covered the assessment of the county's various tourism attractions. Twenty-nine tourism attractions were evaluated by the respondents as to whether they were visited or known. Based on the survey results, the well-known supply elements are Lake Tisza, Abádszalók, Jászberény Zoo and Botanical Garden, Cserkeszőlő, the spa resort, Tiszavirág Festival and RepTár, Interactive Aviation Museum in Szolnok. Although the awareness of county tourism attractions is considered favourable, twelve attractions had not been visited by 10% of non-county respondents until the date of surveying, and at least one quarter of respondents in each attraction were negative for a possible future visit. The conclusions of the research point out that by exploiting and developing the existing attractions in the destination, tourism innovation is needed to provide complex experience packages to reach a wide range of tourist segments. This can lead to a significant increase in the number of visitors.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Államilag elismert labdarúgó akadémiák szervezeti felépítésének és vezetési funkcióinak vizsgálata(2023-05-23) Szalánczi, ZoltánMy research was aimed to investigate the organizational structure and the management functions of the state-accredited football academies in Hungary. The relenvance of this topic is given by the high amount of money flowing in to this sector, and the changes in the onganizational background. With the development of football, the clubs are working yet as companies, and this organistional frame requires a well planned structure. In my research I analized the operation of these organisations as companies, and I tried to answer the suggested questions about structure and leadership, with a comparative analysis of the academies highlighted by the national federation. I revealed what are the organizational problems faced by the academies, and which directions they have to follow to develop their companies, to ensure the safe, and long term operation. I choosed 3 from the 10 state-accredited academies to analyse their structure. The chosen clubs were the Várda Sport Egyesület, the Vasas Kubala Akadémia, and the Győri ETO FC youth base. It was important for me to represent an academy from each part of Hungary, to have the possibility to see some regional specialities. Through my study I investigated the responsibilities of the academy directors to see which were the key areas they had to enchance in their companies, and to define the differences in each organization. It was also my goal to reveal these differences have benefists or disadvantages for the operation. My main goal was to locate critical success factors needed for the modern, and proper operation. The research revealed that the three academies examined follow the traditional linear, functional organizational structure, but there are also differences in the definition of jobs and in the operation of the company. These differences are largely to be found in the local identity and the still ongoing development of the organizational background.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető aprófalvak fejlődési jellemzői Magyarországon az ezredforduló után(2023-05-23) Kurucz, LajosThe aim of the study is to describe some characteristic features of Hungarian small villages. Based on a literature review, the topic of a comparative analysis of settlements with different populations has been the subject of research in Hungary for about half a century. Laws had been enacted since the 1970s to reduce the spatial differences. However, despite the national's intention, the differences between the individual regions and settlement groups continued to increase. This is also reflected in the fact that under the current development policy legislation – Government Decree 290/2014. (XI. 26.) – small villages have a higher than average chance of being included in disadvantaged districts. The aim of my study is to outline the situation of municipalities with a population of less than half a thousand people by analyzing statistical data and presenting the results of my own questionnaire survey. These municipalities make up more than a third of the Hungarian settlements population, while their population just only 2.2% of the national population. In the course of the analysis, I focus primarily on demographic processes and the development of communal infrastructure. These developments (sewage network, pipeline gas supply) could highly improve the quality of life of the inhabitants of small settlements. Despite all these investments, emigration is significant due to the lack of jobs, as a result of which the aging of local society continues. The importance of the regional embeddedness of the settlements is shown by the fact that while the situation of the small settlements of Veszprém, Vas and Zala county can be said to be relatively favorable, the small villages of Baranya, Somogy and Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén can be considered disadvantaged in almost all indicators.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Átalakuló vezetési feladatok Hajdú-Bihar megyei szervezetek példáján keresztül(2023-05-23) Gál, Zsuzsa; Berde, Csaba; Pierog, AnitaPermanent change is an axiomatic phenomenon in organization life that has its effect every day. Responding to changes is one of the conditions for the long-term survival of an organization. In our study, we looked into the question how changes affect organizations, what perceptible transformations and reactions they evoke or generate in the functioning of organizations. To answer these questions, semi-structure interviews were applied with Hajdú-Bihar county senior executives, owners. Our results showed that consistency, teamwork, and continuous feedback play a critical role in implementing change. Management tasks transform during the change, the proportions of each task shift. Based on the results, it is worth conducting further research on the role of management tasks in organizational change.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető "Big5" európai labdarúgó bajnokságok játékos-transzfer tevékenységének összehasonlító elemzése(2024-04-16) Bács, Bence AndrásTransfer news and events generate as much, if not more, interest than the final matches of the most prestigious cup competitions. It is not uncommon for a player's playing rights (which clubs recognise as intangible assets) to change hands for sums in excess of €10 million or even €100 million, with the outstanding revenues of the most prestigious Big 5 leagues contributing greatly to the reality of these transactions. The aim of this study is to provide a comparative analysis of player transfer activity in the Big 5 leagues, focusing on the correlations and relationships between league revenues, transfer spending and revenues, using financial and player transfer data from 2017 and onwards. In terms of the extent of transactions, it can be concluded that player transfers are crucial for the financial management, profitability and stability of football clubs. Accordingly, the highest transfer spending occurs in the leagues with the highest revenue generating capacity. In total, between 2016 and 2021 - €7.5 billion will be diverted from the Big 5 leagues.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Calculation of Social Benefits of Influenza Vaccination based on Statistical Data(2023-05-23) Vajó, Péter; Bács, ZoltánThe goal we set in our study has had no precedent either in the Hungarian or in the international literature: our intention was to quantify the effectiveness of influenza vaccination based on facts, and to define the number of non-occurred diseases as a result of vaccination. We evaluated data from the influenza season of 2018/2019 in our study. We analyzed the available data on population, vaccination and the number of diseases, and drew objective conclusions therefrom. It was a problem that the basic data appeared in different data sets for different age groups, so we had to find a consensus between them, and establish comparable age groups. Ultimately, we defined three distinct age groups: the age group of minors (0-18 years), the economically active (19-59 years) and the age group of over 60 years. These three age groups became well distinguishable by population, vaccination, and morbidity. We described the influenza disease in general, the characteristics and variability of the influenza virus. We defined the typically affected age group, the number of patients to be treated, the trends for the past 5-10 years. The presented facts, numbers, the results of the calculations, and the conclusions drawn clearly show – excluding subjectivity – the preventive effect and effectiveness of vaccination, which was quantified for the first time in Hungarian literature.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető CANVAS üzleti modell alkalmazása egy inkubációs szervezet kialakításában az egyetemi szektorban(2023-08-24) Gályász, József; Darnai, BalázsThe mission of higher education in Europe and worldwide has been undergoing changes concerning its responsibilities and the requirements it has to satisfy. Making use of the experience gained from international benchmarking, the research paper investigates those business models that the institutions and their strategic partners can use in order to facilitate their market oriented incubation activities. In our research we aimed to develop an operating model such that is able to meet the challenges set by the competition on the international marketplace. We used the Canvas business framework model as a method to describe the business logic, – value creation – and functional elements of a market actor, and the interrelationships that exist between those factors.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető concept of Central Europe in the post-war Soviet academic discourse(2023-05-23) Voyloshnikova, DariaThe article explores the scope of use and the level of terminological and conceptual maturity of “Central Europe” in the post-war Soviet academic discourse. While there is a current in the international debate examining the notion in substance, an investigation of its usage in distinct academic languages can help to render the discussion more practice-oriented. The present work is based on a review of authoritative sources of the period, such as encyclopediae and academic dictionaries as well as publications of prominent Soviet scholars in the disciplines where the notion found its application (geography, history, etc.). The influence of foreign publications and the tendency to employ “Central Europe” as a schematic mental placement for distinct phenomena are found pivotal for the term development. The article contributes to the attempts of delimiting the region, through evincing shared understandings of and around it, and looking into the continuity between the Soviet and the post-Soviet perspectives.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető COVID-19 járvány hatása Magyarországon az élet különböző területeire (munka, magánélet, egészségi és mentális állapot)(2023-05-23) Viktória, Vida; Péter, PopovicsThe COVID-19 epidemic had an enormous impact on the entire world, including the Hungarian population. The situation was accompanied by numerous new restrictions, strict regulations, and their consequences had to be dealt with, which also affected the life of everyone. Therefore, it was considered that it would be worthwhile to assess the different reactions to this situation among the population, what effects the people had to face and whether there was a change in their lives. The opinions of respondents on different areas of life was surveyed, such as private life, changes in personal relationships, introduction of changes in workplace habits, and the effects on health and mental state. Also the survey intended to reveal newly developed good and bad habits. The survey method was a questionnaire-based survey, which was delivered to the respondents online (n=362). The results obtained from the sample were evaluated, subjected to descriptive statistical analysis, and then crosstabs were performed based on background variables (gender, age, educational attainment, occupation, and income) to present correlations. The results of the sample are not representative, but they properly represent and summarize the situation.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető „Csak az aljas köznép előtt kedves” italtól a Hungarikumig, avagy a pálinka becsülete(2023-08-24) Harcsa, Imre MilánThe study is show the way how the pálinka became a national treasure. Going out to the traditions of distillation, showing the over-centuries-old, not always glorious past of the drink. As a result after the regime change the culture of pálinka consumption is changed as well. While previously only regarded as peasants' morning drink, today's premium product has been upgraded thanks to the Pálinka Act and many other factors. From 2014 onwards, every year, under the Excellence Program, the most excellent spirits are valued as "Country Tasting". Regarding the beginning of distillation, the opinions differ significantly, however, regarding the preparation of concentrated beverages, we can speak about a thousand years of tradition. It is interesting to follow that - while the alcoholists were condemned in the 19th century, and the pálinka was called "just for the naked public good" drink - how it gained recognition and increased to “Hungaricum” rank.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető csoportos órákat tartó fitneszedzők képzettségének vizsgálata debreceni fitneszklubokban(2023-05-23) Bartha, Éva Judit; Pfau, Christa Sára; Szőke, Réka; Müller, Anetta; Bácsné Bába, ÉvaFitness workouts are easily accessible for everyone, and there are numerous types of fitness centers which can play an important role in everyday physical activity. There are many factors that can influence the choice of fitness consumers for the gym, also fitness professionals play a key role in this regard. It is essential for fitness clubs in order to remain competitive on the market, to employ fitness instructors with the optimal personality and expertise, but in many cases, there is a lack of verification of qualifications. In our study, we conducted interviews with 20 fitness instructors who work in a fitness center that offers group lessons to consumers. The interview included questions about trainers highest qualifications, qualifications related to trainer work and the extent to which this is monitored by their employers. Most of the interviewed trainers have OKJ qualifications, but the results reflect that fitness providers have not checked their qualifications at all before applying them. Controlling the qualifications be in the interest of fitness clubs, not only avoiding accidents, but also increasing attendance at group classes by employing reliable, excellent personal trainers.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Debreceni Császári Királyi Megyei Törvényszék büntetőjogi gyakorlata (1853-1861)(2023-05-23) Szabó, ZsanettIn this study, I would like to present the criminal law practice in the period of neoabsolutism of the Imperial Royal County Court of Debrecen. In this period, the Austrian Penal Code was in force in Hungary, so the primary aspect of my research is how the provisions of the Code were enforced in practice. On the other hand, I try to answer questions about which crimes have occurred most often, what were the most common types of offenses, what characterized the perpetrators' image, and finally what the penalties were imposed in the specified period.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető debreceni mézeskalácsosság helye és szerepe a Hajdú-Bihar Megyei Népművészeti Egyesületné(2023-05-23) Hubert, Erzsébet; Csapóné Riskó, TündeDebrecen style honey cake making has been registered in 2014 in the collection of Hungarian values of Debrecen and Hajdú - Bihar county. Thus it is worth and reasonable to study the roots and history of honey cake making and especially Debrecen style honey cake making, as well as the future perspectives of the profession. The evolution process of honey cake as a traditional open air market product to its many current forms was long and exciting. Operation of the National Value Pyramid, history of honey cake making was investigated and honey cake makers working in Debrecen and Hajdú - Bihar County are introduced in the present paper. The efforts of the Folk Art Association of Hajdú - Bihar County have been summarised, including how it promotes the honey cake - with its thousand year tradition - to remain a popular product and how it supports its members. While innovation is always a key issue for professionals, ensuring that this product is made of (traditional) healthy ingredients stays popular are the foci of Hungarian honey cake makers.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Debreceni Népi Kézműves Fesztivál alkotóinak kérdőíves helyzetelemzése 2021-ben(2023-05-23) Kardosné Riz, ZsuzsaDebrecen Folk Craft Festival faithfully preserves the cultural, social and economic traditions of Debrecen. As a tourist event, the festival provides an opportunity to learn about the centuries-old folk crafts, the artisans, their tools and their products. The traditional fair character of the event is given by the street stalls and the possibility to buy the products. The fair is part of Debrecen's history (it has had the right to hold fairs since the early 1400s), which has given a strong impetus to its economic development. The town's geographical and social characteristics made it a market centre. On the one hand, it was built at the junction of land routes and, on the other, it was owned by lords of national rank who helped to create a farming town and a local society of artisan-traders. In Debrecen, handicraft and trade fair past is still preserved in street names such as Külsővásártér, Mester street, Faraktár street, Csapó street, which is also the venue of the 11th Folk Craft Festival. The aim of the research is to investigate the extent to which Debrecen Folk Craft Festival is a Debrecen event, as well as the composition of the local artisans still operating (craft, age, gender, experience), their business strengths and weaknesses, and their presence on the internet. This representative quantitative survey was carried out with 23 representatives of 15 crafts (leatherworkers, potters, beadworkers, embroiderers, straw weavers, enamelers, furniture makers, woodcarvers, textile toy makers, honeycake makers, etc.) using a self-completion questionnaire. The survey is representative as all participants completed the questionnaire. Since folk crafts are part of the Debrecen identity, and the local culture, their survival is in the interest of the city. The survey covered the forms of their businesses, their sales opportunities, their financial background, etc. The structure of the paper: Introduction presents the festival itself, Material and Methodology, Results and Conclusions chapters describe the questionnaire survey’s results. Conclusions of the research: the cultural and social impact of the Folk Craft Festival is significant, especially through the promotion of folk art heritage, community organisation and its impact on consumer habits. There is still a wide variety of folk crafts in Debrecen, but the masters of some folk crafts are ageing. Traditionally, these one-man businesses still prefer to sell at fairs, because they are weak in marketing and advertising, and nearly a third of them have online presence on the association's website only. Their strength is their expertise, with 40, 50 or even 60 years of experience. The majority of products are qualified by the Hungarian Heritage House, which protects the masters from having their products copied and mass-produced by others.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Demográfiai folyamatok és azok hatásainak értékelése Szabolcs-Szatmár Bereg megyében az elmúlt két évtizedben(2023-05-23) Kósáné Bilanics, Ágnes; Makszim Györgyné Nagy, TímeaOur research would like to draw attention to some specific aspects of demographic processes and their effects in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county. Among the demographic processes, we highlighted the study of the population by age groups, internal migration and changes in the birth rate. From among the impact mechanisms of demographic processes, we dealt in detail with the assessment of the state of education. In Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, in addition to the analysis of the qualitative changes that have taken place in the last twenty years, we considered it important to examine the connections between education, employment and the labour market, as well as the connections between education and urbanization. We found that among the phenomena subject to traditional demography, the largest change in domestic migration has occurred in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county since 2001. In the last twenty years, the migration loss has almost quadrupled, which is the highest among the domestic counties. In addition, there was a significant change in the proportions of the population by age groups. Since 2001, in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, the proportion of the 0-14 age group in the population has decreased one and a half times faster than the proportion of the oldest age group. These unfavourable processes have a significant negative effect – which are not favourable anyway – on the educational processes of the studied area.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Egyetemisták sportolási szokásaira ható tényezők vizsgálata(2023-05-23) Pfau, Christa Sára; Mészáros, JánosNowadays, a health-conscious lifestyle has come to the fore, with one of their important components being leisure sports. In our research, we examined the sporting habits of Debrecen university students (n=178) and factors that may influence these habits, with an online questionnaire. We found out that 61% of respondents exercise regularly in their spare time. With the help of a fourpoint Likert scale, we examined how much influence the availability and quality of various sports services have on the students. The highest rating was given to having a friendly atmosphere (3.5), which is followed by good equipment and facilities (3.45). We analyzed how much they spend on their health and how willing they are to spend more on their health if they had more money. For nonsporting students, they more likely to be unsatisfied with their physical condition all the while they spend less on their health. Non-sporting students cited lack of time (3.49) as the greatest turn-off when questioned. A significant percentage of both groups (78.18% of sporting, 86.76% of non-sporting) would be willing to spend more on their health if they earned additional cash.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Együttműködések szükségessége a gyógyszeripari, biotechnológiai fejlesztési folyamatokban az Észak-alföldi régióban(2024-01-15) Kiss, Balázs; Domonkos, Dávid; Felföldi, JánosOne of the leading sectors of the Hungarian Northern Great Plain region - a high capital-intensive, long-return, "high risk - high benefit" industry such as red biotechnology – was examined to see what impact its development might have and what expectations the various cooperation opportunities set for the value chain at different points. It can be stated that the industry has serious, decades-long roots in the region. At the same time, following the spiral of the "biotech industry" also comes with new challenges, and a modern, innovative university background is essential for the expansion of the sector and its establishment at all. In the 2020s, new competitors arrived, such as the vehicle and battery industries, which are also high value-added and innovation-intensive industries. In all these areas, industry clusters have been formed, with universities of the region as intellectual hubs. Along these lines, the innovation mechanisms and collaborations of the respective disciplines (biotechnology in this publication) have been renewed, modernised and strengthened, which is also important for managing risks.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető élelmiszeriparban rejlő neuromarketing potenciál: szisztematikus irodalmi áttekintés(2024-02-05) Boros, Henrietta Mónika; Fehér, AndrásConsumers' decisions are often not rational and understanding this is a challenge for researchers and marketers. Traditional quantitative questionnaires are not sufficient to uncover deeper motivations and attitudes, so it is worth turning to neuromarketing research. With the tools of neuroscience, we have the opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of how consumers think. Our aim was to provide a systematic literature review summarising the results of neuromarketing research in the food industry in Hungary and highlighting the potential applications. Our research used a systematic literature review that analysed the results of the literature relevant to the research in a structured and transparent way. The methodology was based on the PRISMA model, which allowed us to evaluate the results in a structured way after defining the main criteria. The review revealed that the most popular neuromarketing tool in the last five years has been the eye tracking, often combined with EEG, face scanning, pre- and post-questionnaires. In addition, it has been found that the food industry is increasingly using neuromarketing to determine the content of advertisements and to select packaging.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Éljen Sztálin generalisszimusz! – A digitális történetmesélés első kísérlete az MNL Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok Megyei Levéltárában(2023-05-23) Mucsi, László; Szabóné, Maslowski MadlenIn 2020 Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County Archives of the National Archives of Hungary tried a new form of presenting. In contrast with the previous static posts, this time Institute used the opportunity of modern video making, which can satisfy the needs of today’s audience more successfully. Digital storytelling is such content that is meant to be shared, and is created by the logical connecting of auditory and visual elements. We found it important to place such original archival documents in the centre of the video that are capable of grabbing the attention both with their substance and appearance. The demonstrated documents originate from 1949. They include the texts and drawings of young students, celebrating Stalin’s 70th birthday. These documents can appeal to the interest not only by their spectacular appearance but also by their historical value. The children's words are trustworthy proof for Stalin's personality cult and perfectly reflect the propaganda of the era. The video was published on YouTube.